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Biomedical subjects

Zh Kunev

Publications and source records attributed to Zh Kunev.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Hygienic research on meat-dressing shops and enterprises].

Observations were made on the hygiene state of the meat-conditioning departments and enterprises of 13 meat-dressing combines. Both qualitative and quantitative investigations were carried out with regard to 9 bacteriologic indexes. The result of studies on a total of 1,042 samples of washings taken from equipment, working tools, machines, working milieu, and hands and aprons of workers prior to beginning work showed that in case all regulations of cleaning, washing, and disinfection were observed the residual microflora, and, more specifically organisms that were of interest from a sanitary point of view were lowered to minimum counts. No pathogenic Staphylococcus and Salmonella organisms were isolated. It was found that during work the count of indicative organisms considerably rose. No pathogenic staphylococci were isolated. In one case only were there Salmonella typhimurium organisms on the surface of a circular saw for carcass cutting. The overall bacteriologic investigation of a total of 137 samples of minced meat and meat balls and other products prepared with such meat revealed that the average counts of various organisms ranged as follows: aerobic mesophiles--3,653 830/g, and coliforms--31,748/g; Escherichia coli organisms were demonstrated in 10.22 per cent of the cases, B. proteus--in 1.46 per cent, and pathogenic staphylococci--in 3.65 per cent of the samples. None of the samples, weighing 25 g each showed the presence of Salmonellae. No correlative dependence was found between the coli titer and the coli index of the products.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Chemical and microbiological studies of the meat of broilers fed mixed feeds with a bacterial protein supplement].

Physico-chemical and microbiologic studies were carried out with meat of broilers that had been offered combined feed mixtures in which part of the soybean meal protein was replaced by microbial one through the incorporation of 4, 8, and 12 per cent industrial single cell protein. The bacterial protein was shown to have no adverse effect on the physico-chemical composition of poultry meat. Demonstrated was a trend toward the separation in individual layers of more fats in the carcass with the increase in the percent of biomass of the combined feed mixtures for poultry. Considering the content of total nitrogen, fats, and ashes in the poultry meat most expedient was the incorporation of 4 percent single-cell protein in the feed mixtures for broilers. No pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic organisms were found in the meat of broilers.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1981

[Agents for the aerosol disinfection of the air in meat freezers].

Studies were carried out on the use of aerosol disinfection with lactic acid and sorbic acid at rates of 15, 30, and 50 mg per 1 m3 air in chambers for the conservation of meat and meat products at temperatures within the range of 0 to 2 degrees C. Moulds of the Penicillium genus and psychrophile organisms (Pseudomonas, Alkaligenes, and Flavobacter) were used as test microbial species. It was found that the disinfection effect of lactic acid used in the form of aerosol was the same as that of sorbic acid when psychorophiles served as test bacteria, and was essentially better in the disinfection of the air in refrigerators and the surface of meat when Penicillium moulds were used. In concentrations of up to 50 mg/m3 both lactic acid and sorbic acid had no adverse effect on the organoleptic indices of meat during refrigerator storage.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1981

[Physical methods (ultrasound) and disinfecting agents for decontaminating the water in poultry meat processing].

Productional and laboratory experiments were carried out to study the effect of ultra sound with a view to decontaminating the water in the vats for cooling poultry carcasses and skin cover as well as that of disinfection means (inkosan, actofor, yomil S, chalamide, and chloramin). In vitro studies revealed that the use of ultra sound in the decontamination of cooling water and poultry meat surface did not produce the necessary effect. The iodofor preparations inkosan and yomil S as well as the agents chalamide and chloramine added in fixed concentrations to the water in cooling vats were not shown to be able to inactivate Salmonella organisms on the surface of experimentally contaminated poultry carcasses. Inkosan at the rate of 1:1000, and yomil S at 0.2 and 0.4 per cent produced a 100 per cent bactericidal effect against the microflora in vat waters regardless of their initial contamination. Except for yomil S at 0.4 per cent these agents did not affect the organoleptic properties of poultry meat.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Cleansing and disinfecting the skin of calves in veal production].

Investigations were carried out at 6 meat producing combines on calves intended for slaughter. The animals originated from farms of different hygiene conditions. The studies aimed at establishing the extent to which the produced meat was contaminated with organisms coming from the skin cover. The total count of bacteria as well as that of coliforms in samples taken from the coat of calves were determined prior to bathing the animals, after that and after disinfection. Following slaughter the bacteria were studied at the site of separating the skin, in the abdominal muscles and in the croup. The skin of the calves for slaughter was found to be strongly contaminated with bacteria. The bathing and the disinfection with a 2 per cent chloramine solution decreased the number of microbes, however, did not fully inactivate bacteria. This contributed to the additional surface contamination of the meat obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Methods for the control of disinfection in meat-packing plants].

Forty-eight series of experiments were carried out to establish the effect of disinfections with 2% septin, 1% tagonin, 2.5% chloramine and 2% chlorinated lime, all applied in the meat processing shops. Determined were the total count of bacteria and that of coliforms alone, employing the methods of washings and taking impression (contact) samples (Schothorst et al., 1966). It was found that these disinfection agents did not produce a complete disinfection effect. The contact method of determining the total count of bacteria proved readily applicable and suitable to investigate subjects having smooth surfaces. The combined use of the two methods to record the effect of disinfections is, however, suggested because of the diversity of the various subjects in the meat processing shops.

Bulgaria↗
PubMed1981

[Microbiological study in pork production].

Investigations were carried out in production conditions on the sources of surface contamination of pork with regard to sanitary-indicative and pathogenic (Salmonellae) organisms. A total of 74 series of experiments were carried out, every series making use of the following: 10 fecal samples taken on the preslaughter premise; the results of studying the skin cover of 3 animals prior to washing, after washing, and after stunning, employing the method of Dryabina in studying skin areas of 25 cm2; as many as three washings taken from within the path from the place where the animals were washed to the place where they were stunned; the results of studying the surface of the meat produced (from 3 animals in each case) and at the site of starting skin removal, with sampling the abdomen muscles and the group along with sampling the meat itself after cleaning and washing it - taking impression preparations, resp., employing the contact method with a 44 cm2 surface area of the agar. No Salmonella bacteria were found in the 1628 analyses and fecal samples of the skin of pigs intended for slaughter. The washing of the animals lowered more than 70 times the total bacterial contamination of the skin cover. It was found that the site of starting skin removal and the muscles of the abdomen and those of the forelimbs were most strongly contaminated.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Carrier state and body distribution of Salmonella bacteria in healthy piglets and calves].

Studies were carried out to establish the carrier status and the topographic distribution of Salmonella bacteria in the carcass and organs of healthy pigs and calves. A total of 3980 samples were subjected to investigation (m. gracilis, lymphonodus subilicus, lymphonodus praescapularis, lymphonodi mesenterici, liver bile duct, gallbladder, lymphonodi hepatici, and spleen and samples from caecum content taken from 560 slaughtered normal pigs), and a total of 2400 samples (m. gracilis, caput longum of m. triceps brachii, lymphonodus praescapularis, lymphonodus subilicus lymphonodi hepatic, lymphonodi mesenterici, gallbladder, spleen, heart, and kidney and samples from the caecum content taken from 200 slaughtered normal calves. The investigations were carried out with methods routinely employed in the microbiological science and practice with special reference to Salmonella bacteria. It was found that 4.29 per cent of the slaughtered healthy pigs were carriers of Salmonella organisms, 10 serotypes of the groups B, C1, C2, D and E1 of Salmonellae being isolated. Most frequently isolated serotypes in a descending order were: S. anatus, 7 strains; S. cholerae suis, 6 strains; S. derby, 5 strains; S. agona, 4 strains; S thompson and S. dublin, 2 strains; and S. essen, S. lille, S. kottbus, and S. enteritidis, 1 strain. The highest percent of Salmonellae in the slaughtered normal pigs was found in the caecum content (3,75%). No Salmonellae were found in the samples from the slaughtered 200 normal calves and the muscle and carcass lymph node a samples taken from the investigated 560 pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Chemical composition of the meat and liver of pigs fattened with mixtures containing a bacterial protein supplement].

The chemical composition of the meat and liver of pigs fattened under production conditions was established with the addition of 3, 4, and 5 per cent bacterial protein to three experimental groups of animals, respectively. A control group of pigs was also used fed with no biomass in their feed. The trial lasted 104 days, the liveweight of the animals in the beginning of the experiment being about 35-40 kg, and at the end of it--100--115 kg. It was found that by the contents of water, total, extractable and protein nitrogen, fats, ash, essential and common proteins, tryptophane, and hydroxyproline and the index of their ratio, the pH value and calories as well as by organoleptic evaluation the samples of the investigated m. longissimus dorsi and liver of the test animals did not differ essentially (P greater than 0.05) from the respective values of the controls.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1979

[Experimental selection of weakly virulent strains of Aujeszky's disease virus].

An attempt was made to select slightly virulent strains by consecutive passages in cell cultures and use of extreme dilutions applying the temperature test (heating up to 50 degrees C for 1 hour). Initial and final fractions were compared for lethality and pruritus on rabbits and studied by the plate method. Levelling of the cytopathogenic titer after heating heated and unheated virus was achieved in laboratory samples isolated from lungs, and in two strains -- isolated from brains. This was achieved in the various strains following a varying number of passages, less in those isolated from lungs and more in those isolated from brains. Initial strains isolated from brains cause, while the lines produced by them do not cause, scratching in the infected rabbits. Temperature sensitive strains (identified by this test as virulent) produce mainly large (1.2 mm) plates, while the vaccine strain and the strains identified by the test as slightly virulent produce mainly small (0,8 mm) plates.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Resistance of the Aujeszky's disease virus to gamma ray irradiation].

Investigations on the resistance of Aujeszky's disease virus to gamma irradiation from a 60Co source were performed. The resistance of the virus was tested in vitro in a fluid medium of 50% Henk's balanced saline solution, 50% Eagle's medium MEM and a supplement of 10% normal calf serum as well as its resistance on artificially virus infected pig skin and greasy wool of sheep. It is established that virus inactivation in the fluid medium occurs following 1.6 Mrad gamma irradiation. The irradiated with lower than 1.6 Mrad gamma doses live virus particles form smaller than and with irregular oval shape and dentated plates as compared to the non-irradiated control virus. 1.5 Mrad gamma rays are needed to inactivate the virus on pig skin and greasy wheep's wool. The presence of lanoline in greasy sheep's wool, due to the alkaline pH (9--13) it produces, has an effect on the vitality of the virus both in the control and in the experimental samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Use of the plaque method for isolating Aujeszky's disease virus from meat, organs and meat products].

Comparative virologic studies were carried out to isolate the virus of Aujesky's disease from meat, viscera, and raw smoked products by the plaque method as modified by Sullivan and Read as well as by the method with which the presence of the virus is recorded visually by the cytopathic effect observed in the infected cell monolayer. It was found that at the veterinary and sanitary inspection of meat and meat products produced from diseases or survived animals the modified plaque method proved more suitable as against the other method. The former made it possible to determine directly and at low titers the virus of Aujeszky's disease for the needs of research and practical activities associated with rendering the meat harmless as coming from diseased pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Epizootic process on a farm chronically infected with Aujeszky's disease].

Clinical and epizootiologic studies have been carried out in the course of one year on a farm with a permanent Aujeszkys disease infection as well as virologic and serologic investigations, performed seven times, with a total of 70 fattened pigs. No clinical symptoms of Aujeszky's disease have been established during the period of investigation, while the epizootiologic status have invariably spoken of the fact that the infection had a stationary course on this farm. The virus was isolated from meat and bone marrow, which posed the question of veterinary and sanitary inspection of meat obtained from such animals. The virologic results were varying by months, the peak percent values of positive animals and organs being established over the winter-spring period. Serologically, the results have agreed with the findings in the virologic studies: most significant were the variations in the months during which there was a highest percent of positively reacting animals and organs. It has been assumed that the disease was maintained in a latent form on the farm investigated, showing certain variations as to its manifestation, with no trend in terms of spontaneous recovery.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Comparative studies of methods for the diagnosis of Aujeszkh's disease].

The virologic studies of a total of 383 organs taken from 183 pigs using a rabbit as a test animal and cell cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts and pig kidney revealed that the per cent of the positive results obtained by the three methods was varying with regard both to the organs and the various categories of animal used. The biologic test proved appropriate in the cases of acute diseases, while with diseases with atypical and symptomless course the cell culture methods are to be used, most suitable for the mass laboratory diagnosis being the chick embryo fibroblasts. The successful diagnosis requires a complex study method with the use of greater number of viscera.

Animals↗