Biomedical subjects

Zhaohua Ding

Publications and source records attributed to Zhaohua Ding.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Cluster analysis of muscle functional MRI data.

Muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging (mfMRI) is frequently used to determine spatial patterns of muscle involvement in exercising humans. A frequent finding in mfMRI is that, even within synergistic muscle groups, signal intensity (SI) data from individual voxels can be quite heterogeneous. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel method for organizing heterogeneous mfMRI data into clusters whose members behave similarly to each other but distinctly from members of other clusters and apply it in studies of functional compartmentalization in the anterior compartment of the leg. An algorithm was developed that compared the SI time courses of adjacent voxels and grouped together voxels that were sufficiently similar. The algorithm's performance was verified by using simulated data sets with known regional differences in SI time courses that were then applied to experimental mfMRI data acquired from six male subjects (age 22.6 +/- 0.9 yr, mean +/- SE) who sustained isometric contractions of the dorsiflexors at 40% of maximum voluntary contraction. The experimental data were also characterized by using a traditional analysis (user-specified regions of interest from a single image), in which the relative change in SI and the contrast-to-noise ratio [CNR; 100%x(SI(RESTING) - SI(ACTIVE)/(noise standard deviation)] were measured. In general, clusters were found in areas in which the CNR exceeded 5. Cluster analysis made functional distinctions between regions of muscle that were not seen with traditional analysis. In conclusion, cluster analysis's use of the full SI time course provides more sensitivity to muscle functional compartmentation than traditional analysis.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Classification and quantification of neuronal fiber pathways using diffusion tensor MRI.

Quantitative characterization of neuronal fiber pathways in vivo is of significant neurological and clinical interest. Using the capability of MR diffusion tensor imaging to determine the local orientations of neuronal fibers, novel algorithms were developed to bundle neuronal fiber pathways reconstructed in vivo with diffusion tensor images and to quantify various physical and geometric properties of fiber bundles. The reliability of the algorithms was examined with reproducibility tests. Illustrative results show that consistent physical and geometric measurements of novel properties of neuronal tissue can be obtained, which offer considerable potential for the quantitative study of fiber pathways in vivo.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2003

Effects of cardiac motion on right coronary artery hemodynamics.

The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of physiologically realistic cardiac-induced motion on hemodynamics in human right coronary arteries. The blood flow patterns were numerically simulated in a modeled right coronary artery (RCA) having a uniform circular cross section of 2.48 mm diam. Arterial motion was specified based on biplane cineangiograms, and incorporated physiologically realistic bending and torsion. Simulations were carried out with steady and pulsatile inflow conditions (mean ReD=233, alpha=1.82) in both fixed and moving RCA models, to evaluate the relative importance of RCA motion, flow pulsation, and the interaction between motion and flow pulsation. RCA motion with a steady inlet flow rate caused variations in wall shear stress (WSS) magnitude up to 150% of the inlet Poiseuille value. There was significant spatial variability in the magnitude of this motion-induced WSS variation. However, the time-averaged WSS distribution was similar to that predicted in a static model representing the time-averaged geometry. Furthermore, the effects of flow pulsatility dominated RCA motion-induced effects; specifically, there were only modest differences in the WSS history between simulations conducted in fixed and moving RCA models with pulsatile inflow. RCA motion has little effect on time-averaged WSS patterns. It has a larger effect on the temporal variation of WSS, but even this effect is overshadowed by the variations in WSS due to flow pulsation. The hemodynamic effects of RCA motion can, therefore, be ignored as a first approximation in modeling studies.

Arteries↗

PubMed2002

Validation of diffusion tensor MRI-based muscle fiber tracking.

Diffusion-tensor (DT) MRI fiber tracking may potentially be used for in vivo structural analysis. The purpose of this study was to assess quantitatively the ability of a DT-MRI fiber-tracking algorithm to measure the fiber orientation (pennation) in skeletal muscle in vivo. In five adult Sprague-Dawley rats, the pennation angle (theta) was measured in the rat lateral gastrocnemius with DT-MRI (theta(DT-MRI)) and by direct anatomical inspection (DAI) (theta(DAI)). The mean theta(DT-MRI) was not significantly different from the mean theta(DAI). In addition, the two methods were highly correlated (r = 0.89) and the regression of theta(DT-MRI) on theta(DAI) resulted in a slope not significantly different from 1 and an intercept not significantly different from zero. These data indicate that DT-MRI-based fiber tracking as implemented here is a valid tool for in vivo structural analysis of small-animal skeletal muscle.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Coronary artery dynamics in vivo.

There is considerable evidence that the localization and evolution of vascular disease are mediated, at least in part, by mechanical factors. The mechanical environment of the coronary arteries, which are tethered to the beating heart, is influenced by cardiac motion; the motion of the vessels must be described quantitatively to characterize fully the mechanical forces acting on and in the vessel wall. Several techniques that have been used to characterize coronary artery dynamics from biplane cineangiograms are described and illustrated. There is considerable variability in dynamic geometric parameters from site to site along a vessel, between the right and left anterior descending arteries, and among individuals, consistent with the hypotheses that variations in stresses mediated by geometry and dynamics affect the localization of atherosclerosis and individual risk of coronary heart disease. The few frankly atherosclerotic vessels that have been examined exhibit high torsions in the neighborhood of lesions, an observation which may have etiologic or diagnostic implications.

Algorithms↗