Recurrent stridor due to raised intracranial pressure after meningitic hydrocephalus.
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
Zulfiqar Ali
Publications and source records attributed to Zulfiqar Ali.
9,10-seco-9,19-Cyclolanostane arabinosides from the roots of Actaea podocarpa.
Seven 9,10-seco-9,19-cyclolanostane arabinosides, named podocarpasides A-G (1-7), were isolated from the roots of Actaea podocarpa DC., a species closely related to black cohosh (a well known dietary supplement). Their structures were determined with the help of spectroscopic data including extensive 2D NMR spectroscopy. The isolates were found inactive, when tested for cytotoxic, estrogenic, and antioxidant activities in cell based assays. They were also tested for anticomplement activity against the classical pathway of complement system and only podocarpaside C (3) inhibited modest complement activity with an IC50 value of 200 microM.
Carbohydrate Conformation↗
Podocarpaside, a triterpenoid possessing a new backbone from Actaea podocarpa.
Podocarpaside (1), a novel arabinoside possessing a unique triterpene skeleton was isolated from Actaea podocarpa, a closely related species to black cohosh (dietary supplement used for menopausal disorders). Podocarpaside belongs to a new class of triterpenoids, for which the name "ranunculane" is proposed. Compound 1 possesses anticomplement activity. [structure: see text].
Actaea↗
Phytochemical study of actaea rubra and biological screenings of isolates.
A phytochemical study on the chemical constituents of the roots of Actaea rubra led to the isolation and characterization of eleven xylosides of 9,19-cyclolanostane type triterpenes including the new rubraside A (1) and a beta-sitosterol glucoside. The structures of the isolates were determined with the help of spectroscopic data including 2-dimensional NMR as well as comparison with reported data. The compounds were tested for cytotoxic, estrogenic, antioxidant, and anticomplement activities. They were found inactive in the tested assays, except for 4, which showed moderate anticomplement activity.
Actaea↗
Neuroprotective effects of olanzapine in a rat model of neurodevelopmental injury.
Recent clinical studies have suggested that treatment with atypical antipsychotic drugs, such as olanzapine, may slow progressive changes in brain structure in patients with schizophrenia. To investigate the possible neural basis of this effect, we sought to determine whether treatment with olanzapine would inhibit the loss of hippocampal neurons associated with the administration of the excitotoxin, kainic acid, in neonatal rats. At post-natal day 7 (P7), rats were exposed to kainic acid via intracerebroventricular administration. Neuronal loss within the CA2 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus and neurogenesis within the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus were then assessed at P14 by Fluoro-Jade B and BrdU labeling, respectively. Daily doses of olanzapine (2, 6, or 12 mg/day), haloperidol (1.2 mg/kg), melatonin (10 mg/kg), or saline were administered between P7 and P14. Melatonin is an anti-oxidant drug and was included in this study as a positive control, since it has been observed to have neuroprotective effects in a variety of animal models. The highest dose of olanzapine and melatonin, but not haloperidol, ameliorated the hippocampal neuronal loss triggered by kainic acid administration. However, drug administration did not have a significant effect on the rate of neurogenesis. These results suggest that olanzapine has neuroprotective effects in a rat model of neurodevelopmental insult, and may be relevant to the observed effects of atypical antipsychotic drugs on brain structure in patients with schizophrenia.
Animals↗
The dissection of a reinforced endotracheal tube causing near-fatal intraoperative airway obstruction.
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Adult↗
Resveratrol oligomers and their O-glucosides from Cotylelobium lanceolatum.
Three new resveratrol oligomers, cotylelophenol C (1) (resveratrol tetramer) and cotylelosides A (2) and B (3) (O-glucosides of resveratrol trimer), together with four known glucosides of resveratrol oligomers (vaticasides A, B, C, D) and piceid, were isolated from an acetone soluble part of stem of Cotylelobium lanceolatum (Dipterocarpaceae). The structures of new compounds were determined by spectral data analysis. The characteristic properties observed in the NMR spectra of 1 were also discussed.
Ericales↗
Intraarterial reteplase and intravenous abciximab for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. A preliminary feasibility and safety study in a non-human primate model.
We performed a preliminary feasibility and safety study using intravenous (IV) administration of a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (abciximab) in conjunction with intraarterial (IA) administration of a thrombolytic agent (reteplase) in a primate model of intracranial thrombosis. We introduced thrombus through superselective catheterization of the intracranial segment of the internal carotid artery in 16 primates. The animals were randomly assigned to receive IA reteplase and IV abciximab ( n =4), IA reteplase and IV placebo ( n =4), IA placebo and IV abciximab ( n =4) or IA and IV placebo ( n =4). Recanalization was assessed by serial angiography during the 6-h period after initiation of treatment. Postmortem magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed to determine the presence of cerebral infarction or intracranial hemorrhage. Partial or complete recanalization at 6 h after initiation of treatment (decrease of two or more points in pre-treatment angiographic occlusion grade) was observed in two animals treated with IA reteplase and IV abciximab, three animals treated with IA reteplase alone and one animal treated with IV abciximab alone. No improvement in perfusion was observed in animals that received IV and IA placebo. Cerebral infarction was demonstrated on postmortem MR imaging in three animals that received IA and IV placebo and in one animal each from the groups that received IA reteplase and IV abciximab or IV abciximab alone. One animal that received IV abciximab alone had a small intracerebral hemorrhage on MR imaging. IA reteplase with or without abciximab appeared to be the most effective regimen for achieving recanalization in our model of intracranial thrombosis. Further studies are required in experimental models to determine the optimal dose, method of administration and efficacy of these medications in acute ischemic stroke.
Abciximab↗
Two novel trimeric resveratrol derivatives from Cotylelobium lanceolatum.
Two new resveratrol (= 5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol) trimers, cotylelophenols A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the stem of Cotylelobium lanceolatum (Dipterocarpaceae), together with ten known resveratrol oligomers (3-12). The structures of the isolates were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including a detailed NMR spectroscopic investigation of 1 under different conditions. Compound 1 is the first resveratrol trimer with a rearranged 4-hydroxyphenyl group. Four possible biogenetic pathways towards resveratrol oligomers are proposed (Scheme).
Ericales↗
New resveratrol tetramers from the stem bark of Upuna borneensis.
Five new resveratrol (=5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol) tetramers, upunaphenols H-J (1-3) and trans-(4) and cis-upunaphenol K (5), were isolated from the stem of Upuna borneensis (Dipterocarpaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D- and 2D-NMR as well as FAB-MS data. Compounds 1-3 bear a rare biphenyl bond in their frameworks. Compounds 1 and 2 have an unprecedented nonacyclic fused ring system, and compounds 2 and 3 have symmetrical structures.
Ericales↗
Resveratrol derivatives from Upuna borneensis.
Four new resveratrol derivatives, upunaphenols B (1), C (4), D (5) (resveratrol tetramer) and E (6, resveratrol dimer with a C6-C1 unit), together with nine known resveratrol oligomers and resveratrol were isolated from an acetone soluble part of stem of Upuna borneensis (Dipterocarpaceae). The structures of new compounds were determined by spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR experiments.
Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
Acetophenone C-glucosides and stilbene O-glucosides in Upuna borneensis.
Three acetophenone C-glycosides; 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone 3-C-beta-(2'-O-p-hydroxybenzoyl)-glucopyranoside, 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone 3-C-beta-(2'-O-E-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside, 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone 3-C-beta-(2'-O-E-cinnamoyl)-glucopyranoside, and two resveratrol O-glycosides; piceid 2'-O-p-hydroxybenzoate and, piceid 2'-O-E-ferulate, together with three known compounds were isolated from the acetone soluble part of stem of Upuna borneensis (Dipterocarpaceae). The structures of isolates were determined by spectral analysis including extensive 2D-NMR spectral analyses.
Acetophenones↗
Stilbene derivatives from Gnetum gnemon Linn.
Four stilbene derivatives, gnemonols K and L (resveratrol trimers), M (isorhapontigenin dimer), and gnemonoside K (glucoside of resveratrol trimer) together with eleven known stilbenoids and a lignan were isolated from the acetone, methanol and 70% methanol soluble parts of the root of Gnetum gnemon (Gnetaceae). The structures of the isolates were determined by spectral analysis. The antioxidant activity of the stilbenoids on lipid peroxide inhibition and super oxide scavenging activity were also investigated.
Antioxidants↗
Phenolic constituents of Gnetum klossii.
Four new phenolic derivatives, gnetofurans A-C (1-3) and dihydropinosylvindiol (4), were isolated from a methanol-soluble extract of the stems of Gnetum klossii, together with nine known compounds [gnetifolin F (5), isorhapontigenin, gnetulin, gnetins E and C, latifolol, gnetol, (-)-epsilon-viniferin, and trans-resveratrol]. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectral data analysis.
Benzofurans↗
Timing of neurologic deterioration in massive middle cerebral artery infarction: a multicenter review.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the time interval between symptom onset and neurologic deterioration related to cerebral edema in patients with massive middle cerebral artery infarction. The time period between onset and neurologic deterioration represents the window for surgical intervention. DESIGN: Multicenter retrospective chart review. SETTINGS: Five university-affiliated medical centers. PATIENTS: Fifty-three patients with massive middle cerebral artery infarction who experienced neurologic deterioration defined by a decrease in the Glasgow Coma Scale score of two or more points attributable to mass effect. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 53 patients (mean age, 62 +/- 18 yrs; 25 [47%] were men) with neurologic deterioration were identified by using International Classification of Diseases (9th revision) codes and local registries. Medical records and neuroimaging studies were reviewed by a stroke neurologist or neurointensivist to identify the time of neurologic deterioration. Thrombolytics were used at presentation in 19 (35%) patients. A total of 19 (36%) patients had neurologic deterioration within 24 hrs of symptom onset. By 48 hrs, 36 (68%) patients had manifested clinical deterioration. A few patients had later neurologic deterioration on day 3 (n = 10), day 4 (n = 2), day 5 (n = 2), and day 6 or after (n = 3). A total of 25 (47%) of the 53 patients died during hospitalization. The highest frequency of deaths occurred on day 3. CONCLUSIONS: Neurologic deteriorations related to cerebral edema after massive middle cerebral artery infarction occur in most patients within 48 hrs of symptom onset.
Brain Edema↗
Extracellular glutamate and other amino acids in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage: an in vivo microdialysis study.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether extracellular concentrations of glutamate and other amino acids are significantly elevated after intracerebral hemorrhage and, if so, the temporal characteristics of these changes. Although the role of excitotoxic amino acids, particularly that of glutamate, has been described in ischemic stroke and head trauma, no information exists regarding their possible contribution to the pathogenesis of neuronal injury in intracerebral hemorrhage. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled, laboratory trial. SETTINGS: Animal research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Sixteen anesthetized New Zealand rabbits. INTERVENTION: We introduced intracerebral hemorrhage in each of eight anesthetized New Zealand rabbits by injecting 0.4 mL of autologous blood under arterial pressure into the deep gray matter of the cerebrum. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Extracellular fluid samples were collected from the perihematoma region and contralateral (right) hemisphere by in vivo microdialysis at 30-min intervals for 6 hrs. Corresponding samples were similarly collected from both hemispheres in each of eight control animals that underwent needle placement without introduction of a hematoma. Concentrations of amino acids (glutamate, aspartate, asparagine, glycine, taurine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid) in the samples were measured by use of high-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Glutamate concentrations (mean +/- sem) were significantly higher in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the hematoma than in the contralateral hemisphere (92 +/- 22 pg/microL vs. 22 +/- 6 pg/microL) at 30 mins after hematoma creation. A significant increase was observed at 30 mins posthematoma creation in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the hematoma compared with the baseline value. A nonsignificant increase in glutamate concentration persisted in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the hematoma, ranging from 134% to 187% of baseline value between 1 and 5 hrs after hematoma creation. In the hemisphere ipsilateral to the hematoma, a three-fold increase in the concentration of glycine was observed at 30 mins after hematoma creation compared with the baseline level (890 +/- 251 pg/microL vs. 291 +/- 73 pg/microL). There was a significant difference between the hemisphere ipsilateral to the hematoma compared with the ipsilateral (corresponding) hemisphere of the control group at 30 mins posthematoma (890 +/- 251 pg/microL vs. 248 +/- 66 pg/microL). A similar transient increase was observed in taurine and asparagine concentrations at 30 mins after hematoma creation, compared with baseline measurements. Taurine concentrations in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the hematoma were significantly higher than the ipsilateral hemisphere of the control group (622 +/- 180 pg/microL vs. 202 +/- 64 pg/microL) at 30 mins after hematoma creation. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that glutamate and other amino acids accumulate transiently in extracellular fluids in the perihematoma region during the early period of intracerebral hemorrhage. The exact role of these amino acids in the pathogenesis of neuronal injury observed in intracerebral hemorrhage needs to be defined.
Analysis of Variance↗
Three new trimeric stilbenes from Gnetum gnemon.
Three stilbene trimers (gnemonols D, E, F) were isolated from the root of Gnetum gnemon. The structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the compounds on lipid peroxide inhibition and super oxide scavenging activity were also investigated.
Gnetum↗
Apoptosis as a form of cell death in intracerebral hemorrhage.
OBJECTIVE: The goals of this study were to identify and quantify the presence of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) among human subjects. Recent evidence from laboratory models suggests that cell death in the perihematoma region may involve apoptosis. METHODS: Retrospective clinical and histological analyses were performed for patients with spontaneous ICH who underwent surgical evacuation. Quantification of apoptotic cells was performed in sections obtained from the perihematoma region from 12 patients with ICH and stained with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick-end labeling method. Necrosis was identified on the basis of morphological criteria, using hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: Evidence of apoptosis was present in surgical specimens obtained from 10 of the 12 patients. The mean number of apoptotic cells in the perihematoma region in each patient specimen was 38% (range, 0-90%). For five patients, more than one-half of the total cells observed were apoptotic. Apoptosis was observed in specimens obtained within 1 day, 2 days, and 5 days after the onset of symptoms. No terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick-end labeling-positive cells were observed in specimens from the two patients with cerebellar hematomas. The mean proportion of necrotic cells in the perihematoma region in each patient specimen was 25% (range, 0-100%). There was a prominent excess of apoptotic cells, in comparison with necrotic cells, for 6 of the 12 patients who underwent hematoma evacuation. For five other patients, similar proportions of apoptotic and necrotic cells were observed. Necrosis was the predominant finding for only one patient, who underwent late surgical evacuation on Day 5. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that apoptosis represents a prominent form of cell death associated with ICH in the perihematoma region. Further studies are required to define the mediators of apoptosis in ICH.
Adult↗