@misc{indiciae526b99480199, title = {Causal knowledge as a prerequisite for confounding evaluation: an application to birth defects epidemiology.}, author = {Miguel A Hernán and Sonia Hernández-Díaz and Martha M Werler and Allen A Mitchell}, year = {2002}, doi = {10.1093/aje/155.2.176}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11790682/}, note = {Source identifier: 11790682} }