PubMed · 10119554
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C Fluke. 1992. Disinfectants.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10119554/
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Formaldehyde in disinfectant was measured by acetylacetone spectrophotometry. The regression equation was linear when the formaldehyde concentration was smaller than 10 micrograms/ml. The detection limit was 0.08 microgram/ml. The accuracy was less than 3.9% and the recovery varied between 100.2%-108.2% for formaldehyde disinfectant with different concentration, which was similar to titrimetry. It was demonstrated that the method was simple, reproducible, sensitive, precise and accurate, making it important for assay of formaldehyde in disinfectant when disturbance caused titrimetry unavailable.
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Pre-oxidation is often applied to reduce the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). The aim of pre-oxidation is to remove the centers of natural organic matter (NOM) which are responsible for the formation of DBPs. In this paper, the differences between ozone- and OH-radical-induced oxidation to remove DBP-precursors are compared. The experiments were done with water of the River Ruhr (Germany) with a concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of 2 mg/l. Ozonation was able to remove DBP precursors selectively. After application of an absorbed ozone mass of 1.5 mg/mg DOC, a reduction in the formation potential for (THM-FP) and in the formation potential for organic halogen adsorbable on activated carbon (AOX-FP) down to 68 and 73% of the initial concentration was achieved, respectively. A removal of NOM was not achieved using absorbed ozone masses between 0.5 and 1.5 mg/mg DOC. In the hydrogen peroxide/UV process, in which OH-radicals are the reactive species, an increase in the THM concentration was measured after application of this process with short irradiation times. The maximum value of the THM-FP was 20% higher than the initial THM-FP. After an irradiation time of 1,050 min and a hydrogen peroxide consumption of 5.6 mg/l, the THM-FP and AOX-FP decreased to 75 and 71% of the initial formation potential, respectively. There was no selective removal of DBP precursors because the DOC concentration decreased also to 75% of the initial DOC-concentration after 1,050 min of irradiation.