PubMed · 10120680
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M Nordberg. 1990. When disaster strikes.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10120680/
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We evaluated the risk of cancer among 1897 men and 417 women exposed to chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene, CP) at a production plant in Yerevan, Armenia, between 1940 and 1988. The cohort was followed up for cancer incidence for the years 1979-1990 and for cancer mortality for 1979-1988. In the cohort, incidence and mortality from all cancers were below expectation, but increased incidence (standardized incidence ratio 3.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47-7.27), and mortality (standardized mortality ratio 3.39, 95% CI 1.09-10.5) from liver cancer were noticed. A dose-response relationship was suggested between liver cancer and indices of CP exposure, such as duration of employment, duration of high CP exposure and cumulative exposure to CP. The risk of other neoplasms was not increased.
The author discusses the intergenerational psychic transmission of collective trauma on the basis of her personal experience as a descendant of victims of the Armenian genocide of 1915. She shows how the processes of transmission are encumbered within a diaspora community such as hers by the incorporation of objects in the throes of mourning, the invalidation of prohibitions by murder-become-law, and lack of differentiation between the sexes. A parallel is drawn between the characteristic secrecy of the genocidal project on the part of the perpetrators and the sense of illegitimacy of the victims' descendants, exacerbated in the case of the Armenian catastrophe by the refusal of the state that inherited the genocide to confess to it and consequently its erasure from Western consciousness. The author describes how she was enabled to emerge from confinement in the trauma by her French schooling and her analysis, and subsequently became able to work through mourning and writing, by divulging the secret and in particular the publication of her father's deportation diary. The written text is seen as a shroud in which the dead can finally be interred. Presenting an episode from her schooldays, she demonstrates the importance of her immersion in French culture in allowing her to achieve the necessary linguistic and psychic distance from her heritage.
Based on the analysis of clinical and laboratory findings in 223 patients with protracted crush syndrome and results of their combined treatment pathogenetic classification of protracted crush-syndrome is proposed. The applied modern methods of detoxication combined with surgical correction of organic damages contributed to substantial reduction of lethality (14.3%) in comparison with existing literature data.