PubMed · 10124852
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L L Wear, J R Pinkert. 1993. Operating system components--Part I.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10124852/
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A software tool, Expression Profile Viewer (ExProView), for analysis of gene expression profiles derived from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression) is presented. The software visualizes a complete set of classified transcript data in a two-dimensional array of dots, a "virtual chip," in which each dot represents a known gene as characterized in the transcript databases Expressed Gene Anatomy Database or UniGene. The virtual chip display can be changed between representations of different conceptual systems for gene/protein classification and grouping. Four alternative projections are currently available: (i) cellular role, (ii) subcellular compartment, (iii) chromosome localization, and (iv) total UniGene display. However, the chip can be adapted to any other desired layout. By selecting dots, further information about the represented genes is obtained from the local database and WWW links. The software thus provides a visualization of global mRNA expression at the descriptive level and guides in the exploration of patterns of functional expression, while maintaining direct access to detailed information on each individual gene. To evaluate the software, public EST and SAGE gene expression data obtained from the Cancer Genome Anatomy Project at the National Center for Biotechnology Information were analyzed and visualized. A demonstration of the software is available at http://www.biochem.kth. se/exproview/.
A new type of graphical tool for explaining and analyzing magnetic resonance imaging pulse sequences is developed and illustrated. This tool combines the partition diagram, which shows the evolution of multiple echoes with the application of multiple RF pulses, and k-space graphs, which show the evolution of the transverse magnetization as gradients are applied. The strength of the new tool lies in its ability to depict clearly the progression of complex imaging pulse sequences. Several complicated excitation sequences are used to illustrate this method.
Radiology departments are beginning to embrace new technologies to decrease operating budgets and improve services. One of these technologies is the picture archiving and communication system (PACS). PACS, through immediate availability of images to the radiologist, promises to decrease turnaround times of reports to the clinician. The purpose of this study was to determine if this technology actually decreases the time for referring clinicians to receive reports generated by the radiologist. The time to provide a preliminary report by a resident and time to finalize this report by a board-certified radiologist was retrospectively obtained for 6,022 abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans over two 1-year periods from March 1, 1997 to March 1, 1998 and from March 1, 1998 to March 1, 1999. During the first year, interpretation was conducted using hard-copy film and during the second using PACS. In both 1-year periods, MedSpeak voice recognition software (IBM, White Plains, NY) was employed for dictation. The average time for a preliminary report for a abdominal and pelvic CT, dictated by a resident or fellow, to be available in alphanumeric form on the hospital information system using hard-copy film was 3.73 days. The installation of a PACS system decreased this turnaround time to 0.56 days, representing an 85.0% improvement. The time to availability of final reports, ie, signed by board-certified staff radiologists, was 5.49 days in the hard-copy interpretation subset and 5.97 days in the PACS subset. The addition of PACS into an academic gastrointestinal radiology division improves availability of alphanumeric preliminary reports of abdominal and pelvic CTs on the hospital information system (HIS), dictated by a resident or fellow, by 85.0%. There was no impact with a PACS on the time to final sign reports by a staff board certified radiologist as signing patterns remained relatively constant over the two interpretation formats.