PubMed · 10132805
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J Oestreich. 1993. Environmentally friendly inks for medical packaging.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10132805/
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Direct nanopatterning of a number of high-melting-temperature molecules has been systematically investigated by dip-pen nanolithography (DPN). By tuning DPN experimental conditions, all of the high-melting-temperature molecules transported smoothly from the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip to the surface at room temperature without tip preheating. Water meniscus formation between the tip and substrate is found to play a critical role in patterning high-melting-temperature molecules. These results show that heating an AFM probe to a temperature above the ink's melting temperature is not a prerequisite for ink delivery, which extends the current "ink-substrate" combinations available to DPN users.
Extracts of typewriter ribbons and carbon papers were found to be mutagenic in the Salmonella/microsome assay with strain TA98. Fractionation of ribbon extracts indicates that at least 2-3 different classes of mutagenic component are present in these extracts. Nitro-containing compounds may be responsible for the high mutagenicity observed for some of the ribbon extracts in the absence of S9. The results indicate that impurities in the products may be causing part of the mutagenic effect.