PubMed · 10137675
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J Julius. 1994. Creating a good first impression.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10137675/
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Yeasts are predominant in the ancient and complex process of winemaking. In spontaneous fermentations, there is a progressive growth pattern of indigenous yeasts, with the final stages invariably being dominated by the alcohol-tolerant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This species is universally known as the 'wine yeast' and is widely preferred for initiating wine fermentations. The primary role of wine yeast is to catalyze the rapid, complete and efficient conversion of grape sugars to ethanol, carbon dioxide and other minor, but important, metabolites without the development of off-flavours. However, due to the demanding nature of modern winemaking practices and sophisticated wine markets, there is an ever-growing quest for specialized wine yeast strains possessing a wide range of optimized, improved or novel oenological properties. This review highlights the wealth of untapped indigenous yeasts with oenological potential, the complexity of wine yeasts' genetic features and the genetic techniques often used in strain development. The current status of genetically improved wine yeasts and potential targets for further strain development are outlined. In light of the limited knowledge of industrial wine yeasts' complex genomes and the daunting challenges to comply with strict statutory regulations and consumer demands regarding the future use of genetically modified strains, this review cautions against unrealistic expectations over the short term. However, the staggering potential advantages of improved wine yeasts to both the winemaker and consumer in the third millennium are pointed out.
During the last few years there has been some criticism concerning the medical training of young doctors. The present study analyses the satisfaction with the medical training (hospitals and general practices) in 401 courses of medical training in the county of West Zealand, Denmark, during the years 1995-1997. The 401 courses resulted in 3136 statements with respect to satisfaction. Only 4.9% of the statements was "discontent", 16.5% "somewhat content", 36.4% "content" and 42.3% "very content". The 4.9% with the statement "discontent" was especially related to the introduction to place of education, focus on medical training and the theoretical lessons. In conclusion the present study revealed general satisfaction in young doctors with the medical training in the county of West Zealand.
RELIS Vest provides drug information by answering questions from mainly physicians and pharmacists. In the present paper we evaluated this service. All questions to RELIS Vest during the 1995-98 period were systematically categorized and analysed. The quality of the service was assessed by evaluation forms. Of a total of 875 queries, 393 came from physicians and 370 from pharmacists. 42% were about psychoactive drugs; the most frequent types of queries concerned documentation and adverse effects. Analysis of 180 evaluation forms showed that 79% of the physicians and 56% of the pharmacists found the answers fast enough, relevant, adequately comprehensive and with valuable references while 16% of the physicians and 29% of the pharmacists found that the answers satisfied three of these four criteria. We conclude that problem-oriented drug information based on actual cases of prescribing is highly appreciated.