PubMed · 10149782
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M C Anderson. 1991. Should conization by hot loop or laser replace cervical biopsy? Pro.. https://doi.org/10.1089/gyn.1991.7.191
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Polo-like kinase (PLK), a cell cycle-regulated, cyclin-independent serine/threonine protein kinase, has been shown in recent reports to play a critical role during tumorigenesis. To investigate whether PLK plays a general role as a tumor marker of ovarian cancers, we examined the expression of PLK protein in ovarian cancers, and analyzed the relationship between PLK protein expression and histological grade. Immunohistochemically, the majority of PLK was found in the cytoplasm (around the nucleus), and a portion was found in the nucleus of ovarian cancer glands and also in the fluid secreted from these glands. PLK was expressed at the basement membrane of cancer glands and partly expressed in the head portion of papillary cancer tissues. A significant correlation was found between percentages of PLK-positive cells and histological grade of ovarian cancer (P<0.001). However, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-67, and cyclin B1 was independent of PLK expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that PLK expression may reflect the degree of malignancy rather than the degree of proliferation in ovarian cancer. Thus, in addition to being of diagnostic value, PLK activity in ovarian tumors may be modulated by chemotherapeutic agents or gene therapy to therapeutic effect.
Fenretinide [N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide, 4-HPR] (10(-10)-10(-6) M) treatment of HT-29 human colon cancer cells for 24-72 h significantly inhibited their growth. Using HCT-15 cells, 4-HPR had limited inhibitory effects on cell proliferation over the same concentration range and time period. The inhibitory effects of 4-HPR on cell growth in HT-29 cells were markedly reduced in the presence of exogenously added prostaglandins (PGs), suggesting a possible role for inhibition of PG synthesis as a mechanism for 4-HPR's antiproliferative effects. Inhibition of PGE(2) production was caused by 4-HPR in a concentration-dependent manner and decreased COX-2 but not COX-1 mRNA levels; this is the first indication that 4-HPR selectively inhibits COX-2 gene expression. Our findings suggest a possible mechanism for the chemopreventive and anti-proliferative effects of 4-HPR.
The prognostic significance of positive peritoneal cytology in endometrial carcinoma has led to the incorporation of peritoneal cytology into the current FIGO staging system. While cytology was shown to be prognostically relevant in patients with stage II and III disease, conflicting data exists about its significance in patients who would have been stage I but were classified as stage III solely and exclusively on the basis of positive peritoneal cytology (clinical stage I). Analysis was based on the data of 369 consecutive patients with clinical stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Standard treatment consisted of an abdominal total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with or without pelvic lymph node dissection. Peritoneal cytology was obtained at laparotomy by peritoneal washing of the pouch of Douglas and was considered positive if malignant cells could be detected regardless of the number of malignant cells present. Disease-free survival (DFS) was considered the primary statistical endpoint. In 13/369 (3.5%) patients, positive peritoneal cytology was found. The median follow-up was 29 months and 15 recurrences occurred. Peritoneal cytology was independent of the depth of myometrial invasion and the grade of tumour differentiation. Patients with negative washings had a DFS of 96% at 36 months compared with 67% for patients with positive washings (log-rank P<0.001). The presence of positive peritoneal cytology in patients with clinically stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium is considered an adverse prognostic factor.