PubMed · 10162298
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1996. Joint Commission: back to basics. 1997 Codes emphasize handwashing.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10162298/
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A sensitive qualitative detection method for soybeans in foods by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed. For specific detection of soybeans with high specificity, the primer pair of Gym 81/Gym 82 was designed on the gene encoding the Glycine max repetitive sequence. The trace amount of soybeans in commercial food products could be qualitatively detected by this method.
AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess the opportunities of Penicillium expansum to develop and produce patulin in apples during cold storage and in the steps prior to processing of apple products. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two lots of apples var. Golden with different ripeness degree were used. Half of each lot was fungicide treated. Apples were inoculated with P. expansum and stored at 1 degrees C for 6 weeks. The extent of lesions and patulin accumulation both at the end of cold storage and after 3 days at 20 degrees C were assessed. Short storage at 20 degrees C aimed to simulate the transport and storage steps at room temperature before processing. Lesion size significantly increased during the storage at 20 degrees C. An interaction between fungicide treatment and ripeness degree was found; efficiency of fungicide treatment was higher for ripe apples. Although lesions were evident after cold storage, no patulin was detected. Patulin was detected only when fruits were further stored at 20 degrees C. Neither ripeness degree nor fungicide treatment affected patulin accumulation. CONCLUSIONS: Cold storage periods of 6 weeks do not lead to patulin accumulation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Shortening preprocessing times at warm temperatures would result into a reduction in patulin content at initial steps of fruits entering the processing plants.
Factors affecting transfer percentages of 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated, including tea variety, tea/water ratio (TWR, g/mL), brewing times, washed tea or unwashed tea, and covered cup or uncovered cup. It was observed that %PAH transfer varied with tea variety and increased with the decrease of TWR. The mean %PAH transfer with TWR = 1/150 was 1.12 and 1.65 times higher than that with TWR = 1/100 and 1/50, respectively. %PAH transfer reduced greatly as the brewing times increased. The mean %PAH transfer in the first brewing time occupied 51.6% of the total three mean %PAH transfers in the three brewing times. The mean %PAH transfer decreased by 30.4% after the tea had been washed immediately before brewing. Brewing the tea within uncovered cup diminished %PAH transfer by a degree of 4.31-31.7% compared to brewing the tea within a covered cup.