PubMed · 10170717
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A Hawker. 1991-03-28. Computing. Not standard practice.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10170717/
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For more than 3 years members of the TeleDent team from Bristol University have been looking at the potential of videoconferencing technology for dentistry. Here they explain what videoconferencing is and how it can help the GDP. They discuss examples of its most promising uses for the profession, which include professional updating and providing diagnostic support at a distance. They describe the equipment that is needed, the different types of system available and give an indication of costs. A suggested procedure for using the technology for remote referrals is outlined. 'Store and forward' techniques are also discussed. These do not involve a live video but involve the sending of static electronic files. This approach is compared with videoconferencing, and the article looks at the question of which will be best suited to the GDP, and for what purposes.
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the feasibility, accuracy and clinical potential of creating polymer hard copies of echocardiographic data using stereolithography. BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography has so far been limited by the need to display reconstructed 3D objects on a two-dimensional screen. Thus, tangible stereolithographic polymer models created from echocardiographic data could enhance our spatial perception of cardiac anatomy and pathology. METHODS: Hard-copy replicas of water-filled latex balloon phantoms (n = 7) and porcine liver specimens (n = 12) were generated from echocardiographic images using stereolithography (computerized laser polymerization). In addition, we created 24 models of the mitral valve from 12 transesophageal studies (normal = 6, mitral stenosis n = 4, prolapse/flail leaflet n = 8, annular dilation n = 2, leaflet restriction n = 2 and following mitral valve repair n = 2). RESULTS: Excellent agreement was found for comparison of volumes (r = 0.98, SEE = 3.46 mm3, mean difference = 0.25 +/- 3.33 mm3) and maximal dimensions (r = 0.99, SEE = 0.16 cm, mean difference = 0.03 +/- 0.16 cm) between phantoms and their corresponding replicas. Visual and tactile examination of mitral valve models by two blinded observers allowed correct depiction of mitral valve anatomy and pathology in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Stereolithographic modeling of echocardiographic images is feasible and provides tangible polyacrylic models that are true to scale, shape and volume. Such models offer accurate depiction of mitral valve anatomy and pathology in patients studied with transesophageal echocardiography. This technique could have substantial impact on diagnosis, management and preoperative planning in complex cardiovascular disorders.
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