PubMed · 10179983
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1998. Using ID badges to replace keys, control scrub usage.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10179983/
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BACKGROUND: Enteric adenoviruses, i.e. adenovirus 40 (Ad40) and adenovirus 41 (Ad41), have been shown to be a substantial cause of pediatric gastroenteritis in various parts of the world, but no data are available for Iran. OBJECTIVE: The present study was performed to determine the incidence of enteric adenoviruses in children presenting to the Children's Medical Center with gastroenteritis in Iran. STUDY DESIGN: Stool specimens from 872 children less than 7 years of age attending the Children's Medical Center in Tehran, Iran, with gastroenteritis were tested for the presence of Ad40, Ad41, and adenovirus-genus by a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 6.7% of stool specimens contained enteric adenoviruses (3.3% Ad40 and 3.4% Ad41) and 2.0% nonenteric adenoviruses. Mean ages of Ad40, Ad41 and NEAd-positive children were 21, 19 and 29 months, respectively. Among the adenovirus-positive patients, 53.9% were male and 46.1% female. Watery diarrhea was present in 86.4% of children infected by adenoviruses. In conclusion, for the first time, we demonstrated the presence of enteric and nonenteric adenoviruses in a considerable proportion of stool samples from Iranian children with gastroenteritis.
OBJECTIVE: The use of cerebral angiography (ANGIO) to select patients for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been limited by concern about the risk of complications of the procedure. The authors sought to determine the rate of neurologic complications at both an academic medical center (AMC) and a community hospital (CH). METHODS: The authors reviewed the records of 569 patients undergoing ANGIO. Any documentation of stroke, transient neurologic event, myocardial infarction, or death occurring in the 24 hours after the procedure was recorded. The rate of neurologic complications at the AMC and CH were compared to published studies. RESULTS: The overall complication rate was 0.5% for stroke and 0.4% for TIA. There was no difference between the AMC and CH. One of the strokes was of moderate severity and four of the five patients with complications subsequently underwent endarterectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of major neurologic complications due to ANGIO may be lower than expected, even when performed in a non-academic setting. Awareness of local ANGIO complication rates is important when selecting patients for CEA.
Drug development has accelerated exponentially since the 1950s. It is difficult to estimate the relative contributions or rates of success of industry sponsored as opposed to government supported research in any field. However, it is clear that much of the therapeutic innovation of recent decades has emerged from biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry sponsored efforts. This sponsorship is leading to new stresses in the relationship between academic institutions and industry.