PubMed · 10201127
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
S Araga. 1999. [Postinfectious encephalitis].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10201127/
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
A wide range of immune-modulating effects make IL-10 a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of numerous diseases pathophysiological based on a dysregulation of cytokine production. The background of this study was to investigate, whether the beneficial effects of a therapeutic immunosuppression with IL-10 may be countered by an increased risk for infections due to impaired effector cell functions of unspecific immunity. We demonstrated the in vitro effects of IL-10 on phagocytosis (P), intracellular killing (K), and chemotactic activity (C) by human neutrophils (PMN) and monocytes (MON) using Candida albicans as test strain and compared the results to the effects of prednisolone and GM-CSF. IL-10 reduced significantly the intracellular killing rate of PMN compared to untreated phagocytes (60 +/- 16% versus 68 +/- 13%, mean +/- SD, p = 0.0002). High dose IL-10 (100 ng/ml) had a stimulating effect on the percentage of phagocytizing MON (70.2 +/- 12.7% vs. 66.9 +/- 14.2%, p = 0.0436), without impairing intracellular killing. Prednisolone reduced significantly the Candida uptake by MON (57 +/- 18.1% vs. 66. 9 +/- 14.2%, p = 0.0019). In contrast to prednisolone, neither MON nor PMN chemotaxis was suppressed by IL-10. In conclusion, IL-10 had only marginal immunosuppressive effects on the unspecific immunity compared to prednisolone.
Among the several eye diseases (or diseases involving the eye) based on hypersensitivity reactions, the most frequent is allergic conjunctivitis. Recently six types of allergic conjunctivitis/keratoconjunctivitis are distinguished: 1. seasonal, 2. perennial, 3. vernal, 4. giant papillary, 5. atopic and 6. of contact origin. Their treatment is generally local. In the most frequent seasonal ("hay fever") and perennial forms the elimination of the allergen or when it is impossible antihistamines (with or without vasoconstrictors), "weak" steroids or hyposensitisation are offered. In vernal and atopic keratoconjunctivitis mast cell stabilizers are the most effective, with special effect of lodoxamide in the vernal type. In giant papillary and contact allergic inflammations the elimination of the causative agent is the first method of choice. In resistant cases "strong" steroids, in extreme forms immunosuppressive, cytostatic and systemic treatment may become necessary. The paper gives a review of currently applied medicines (mainly eyedrops) and other methods of treatment, and includes therapeutic principles applying to various forms of allergic conjunctivitis.
We examined the effects of four 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (pravastatin, simvastatin, fluvastatin, and cerivastatin) on the production and expression of inflammatory cytokines and on enzyme expression involving prostaglandin and superoxide production in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). All HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors significantly reduced interleukin-1beta and -6 mRNA expression and their protein levels in the culture medium, and also inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression and their protein levels. And these drugs induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and PPARgamma mRNA expression and their protein levels in HUVEC and hepatocyte. Moreover, the mRNA levels of p22phox, a 22-kD subunit and the protein levels of p47phox, a 47-kD subunit of nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, was decreased by treatment with either simvastatin, fluvastatin or cerivastatin, and this effect was reversed by mevalonate, geranylgeraniol, farnesol, and cholesterol. The changes induced by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors might be due to regulation of cellular cholesterol content level, cellular cholesterol metabolic pathway, and cellular PPARalpha activity, which was related with inflammation. This unique anti-inflammatory effect in addition to its hypolipidemic action, may be beneficial in preventing the vascular complications that are induced by hyperlipidemia.