PubMed · 10237379
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D E Goulet. Stand-by!. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10237379/
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Major trauma presents a time-critical medical emergency. Successful and expeditious management with early definitive treatment is required to prevent secondary injury. The resources in the prehospital setting, at the hospital of first treatment, and at the tertiary referral (major trauma) center all have an impact on the ability of an integrated trauma system to deliver optimal care to a patient. The time between leaving the injury site and instituting definitive care does not always equate with distance. Retrieval resources must be allocated carefully. Potentially preventable morbidity and mortality has been identified and is specifically related to the time between injury and definitive care and the efficiency of the retrieval and hospital transfer processes. These problems are being addressed with a further sophistication of integrated trauma systems. Regional trauma committees, unified and sophisticated ambulance services, good communication lines, adequate resources at major trauma services, and well developed surgical services are all essential for the appropriate and expeditious management of major trauma patients injured at a distance from tertiary referral (major trauma) centers.
Therapeutic apheresis services can be provided from a community-based blood center. The Oklahoma Blood Institute uses a mobile approach, primarily servicing 10 major hospitals in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area within a 15 to 20 mile radius. Apheresis staff and equipment are available 24 hours per day, 7 days per week in the event of patient referral requiring an emergency therapeutic apheresis procedure. This model requires close communication between the therapeutic apheresis medical director and the referring clinician. Telephone and facsimile transmissions of information are used to facilitate the transfer of information to all persons/facilities involved in providing treatment. This approach has proven effective in providing the required procedures for a referral population base of several million people spread over a fairly large geographic area.
The Emergency Medical Video Multiplexing Transport System (EMTS) is designed to support prehospital cares by delivering high quality live video streams of patients in an ambulance to emergency doctors in a remote hospital via satellite communications. The important feature is that EMTS divides a patient's live video scene into four pieces and transports the four video streams on four separate network channels. By multiplexing four video streams, EMTS is able to transport high quality videos through low data transmission rate networks such as satellite communications and cellular phone networks. In order to transport live video streams constantly, EMTS adopts Real-time Transport Protocol/Real-time Control Protocol as a network protocol and video stream data are compressed by Moving Picture Experts Group 4 format. As EMTS combines four video streams with checking video frame numbers, it uses a refresh packet that initializes server's frame numbers to synchronize the four video streams.