[Aggression].

Abstract

The aggressiveness is not a drive and has nothing in common with Freudian death instinct, but it is one of the ways to fulfill the possession desires and the narcissistic desires. As the way to achievement, it comes into a conflict with the fear of failure, with the co-operation advantages and with the altruistic human drives. As the latter ones are rather weak in an average person, the co-operation--as a basis of society--is in all its strata imbued with aggression. Each social structure, up to the present day, has contained aggression as an organic component. The hope of creating a society free from aggression is not based on the betterment of the human character, but on the growth of the productive forces. The existence of the interpersonal aggression has been concealed from a child, brought up in the spirit of the centuries-old fallacious educational principles. As a result, the child develops its first neurosis--the Superego neurosis. The Superego is not a structural component of the human psyche, but it is a neurotic formation. In the subsequent years, the confrontation of the child and the youth with the true aggression may affect his or her development in various ways. In some cases, the given individual disregards the Superego commands and pays for it with the neurosis of permanent guilt feelings. In other cases, the individual deals with the Superego as with the ethical values in themselves, and develops an inhibition neurosis (Gehemmtheitsneurose). Still in other cases he or she revolts against the mendacity of the society and develops a pseudopsychopathy. The proper education should strive to awake the nobe feelings in the child, but at the same time to reveal the whole truth about the existence of aggression in the human interrelations. In these conditions, through the conscious choice between the egoistic and the altruistic drives, could the growing person form the moral attitudes fitting his or her own nature. Because the ethics of the values in themselves is but a philosophical fiction, the only real ethics is that which is based on feelings.