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Visualization technology in medical education.

Abstract

Visualization technology offers the possibility of profoundly changing the way in which osteopathic medical students assimilate basic osteopathic principles by giving them the ability to interactively explore biomechanical components of the musculoskeletal system, and to investigate the effects that changes in physical properties can have on functionality. The authors are developing a multiple-volume series of computer-assisted learning modules that use three-dimensional, visualization technology to enhance the acquisition of knowledge and skills necessary for clinical evaluation and treatment of the lumbar and cervical spines. These materials, designed to serve as an adjunct to teaching strategies that faculty are currently using, are available to students on campus through the Kobiljak Resource Center at Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine (MSUCOM) and via the Internet (http://hal.bim.msu.edu/EdTech) to individuals and groups who are physically removed from the Michigan State University campus. In addition to addressing needs in undergraduate and graduate medical education, these osteopathic materials, delivered to users via CD-ROM, have been approved for obtaining Category 1-B CME credits (http://hal.bim.msu.edu/cme). It is anticipated that the use of these materials will facilitate understanding of static and dynamic relationships among physical components of the musculoskeletal system, thus contributing to ongoing efforts to develop and maintain physician, faculty, and student expertise in areas that are uniquely osteopathic. Although initial efforts were restricted to the cervical and lumbar spines, future modules will include other regions of the body. The ultimate goal is to enable students to visualize the effects of pathologic processes as they interactively control an articulation in three-dimensional space.

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BibTeXRIS

S Gorbis, R C Hallgren. 1999. Visualization technology in medical education.. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.1999.99.4.211

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Surgical treatment of cervical kyphosis in Larsen syndrome: report of 3 cases and review of the literature.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective case series. OBJECTIVE: To review the surgical results for midcervical kyphosis in 3 cases with Larsen syndrome, and to discuss the choice of surgical treatments. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Cervical kyphosis is the most hazardous and serious manifestation of Larsen syndrome due to the risk of life-threatening paralysis, and thus usually requires surgical treatment. However, little information has been reported concerning surgical treatments for this challenging condition. METHODS: Three patients with Larsen syndrome were surgically treated for midcervical kyphosis at our institution. RESULTS: An infant with mild cervical kyphosis was successfully treated with posterior arthrodesis using a halo immobilization, and anterior vertebral growth with a mature posterior fusion mass resulted in spontaneous correction of the kyphosis. In the remaining 2 infants with myelopathic symptoms due to severe and structural kyphosis, anterior decompression and fusion via a lateral approach followed by posterior fusion with segmental spinal instrumentation and halo immobilization resulted in improved neurologic symptoms and solid fusion. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior spinal fusion is only indicated for patients with mild and flexible cervical kyphosis, and anterior decompression and circumferential arthrodesis is required for patients with severe kyphotic deformity, who usually develop myelopathic symptoms. Anterior surgery for such a small patient with severe kyphosis involves much higher risk of spinal cord injury during decompression maneuvers and difficulty in stabilization of the reconstructed cervical spine. Therefore, all patients with Larsen syndrome should be screened with radiographs at the first visit to detect cervical kyphosis early so that posterior alone fusion is possible.

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