PubMed · 10331816
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A Persidis. 1999. Tissue engineering.. https://doi.org/10.1038/8700
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Bacteriorhodopsin (BR), a membrane protein of a microorganism Halobacterium salinarium has been studied since the 80's as a potential material for information technology. The information processing applications of BR employ either photochromic or photoelectric properties of the protein. In this study we discuss about design principles and describe our study of the use of bacteriorhodopsin as a sensor material for a color sensitive artificial retina. This retina includes low-level processing of input information. The design of a color sensitive matrix element, the self-organizing color adaptation algorithm and a system model for the retina are presented.
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Indwelling and implantable urologic devices did not become commercially available until the late 1970s. The first such device was a ureteral stent made of silicone. Other materials-polyethylene, polyurethane, C-Flex, and Percuflex-have since been introduced. Each of these materials is rated for a particular indwell time, after which the material may begin to break down. Various methods of modifying the surface to make it more slippery or to prevent infection have been tested. Attempts have been made to create artificial organs and have not been entirely successful, and the future may lie with tissue-engineered materials such as small intestinal submucosa.