PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 10361623

A vaginal fluid simulant.

D H Owen·D F Katz
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

A fluid medium was developed to simulate the fluid produced in the human vagina. The composition of the medium was based on an extensive review of the literature on constituents of human vaginal secretions. In choosing the ingredients for this medium, the goal was to emphasize properties that influence interactions of vaginal fluid with topical contraceptive, prophylactic, or therapeutic products. Among these properties, pH and osmolarity play a dominant role in physicochemical processes that govern drug release and distribution.

Explore related subjects

Body FluidsFemaleHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationMaleSpermatocidal AgentsVaginaBiologyClinical ResearchDrugsGenitaliaGenitalia, FemalePhysiologyResearch MethodologyResearch ReportTreatmentUrogenital SystemJournal ArticleResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Review

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

D H Owen, D F Katz. 1999. A vaginal fluid simulant.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-7824(99)00010-4

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2007

Hydrothermal crystallization of carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite coatings prepared by radiofrequency-magnetron sputtering method.

Carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite (HA) films were prepared by low-temperature hydrothermal annealing from carbonate-containing calcium phosphate amorphous coatings on titanium substrates. The biocompatibility of the carbonate-containing HA layers was estimated by in vitro tests using simulated body fluid (SBF). Precursory amorphous coatings were deposited with rf-magnetron sputtering apparatus, using calcium phosphate glass target in Ar/CO2 atmosphere. The carbonate-containing HA coatings were successfully formed by the annealing at above 130 degrees C for 20 h. On the basis of SEM observation, about 2-microm thickness films coated rigidly were durable enough for the hydrothermal treatment. The coating layer was revealed to consist of single phase of PO4(-) and OH- partially carbonated HA by XRD and IR analyses. Overgrowing of bone-like apatite layers on the carbonate-containing HA surfaces in the SBF implied that the obtained films acquired a sufficient osteoconductivity, while it was still unclear that activity was enhanced, compared to pure HA coatings. The low-temperature hydrothermal annealing method was effective for preparation of rigid HA coatings on titanium as well as modification of their chemical compositions.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed2007

Synthesis and characterization of pH-sensitive thiol-containing chitosan beads for controlled drug delivery applications.

The aim of this study was to develop chitosan-based materials in drug delivery systems possessing covalent attachment of thiol moieties. Thiol-containing chitosan (TCS), found to be soluble in water, was synthesized by graft copolymerization technique. The TCS beads were prepared by using tripolyphoshate, at pH 4.0. The morphology of TCS beads was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The in vitro drug release behavior was studied in phosphate buffer solution at various pH, using indomethacin as a model drug at two different concentrations (0.3 and 0.6% w/w). The release amounts of indomethacin from TCS beads were higher increasing pHs in the dissolution medium. The release rate of indomethacin at pH 7.4 was higher than the release rate at pH 1.4 due to ionization of thiol groups and high solubility of indomethacin in an alkaline medium. These results indicated that the TCS beads may become a delivery system for the controlled release of different drugs wherever pH sensitive mechanics might be useful. This is especially applicable in cases when it is important to minimize drug release in acidic sites, such as in the stomach.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed2007

Proteomic analysis of the airway surface liquid: modulation by proinflammatory cytokines.

The airway surface is covered by a fluid, the airway surface liquid, interposed between the mucous layer and the epithelium. The airway surface liquid contains proteins, secreted by different cell types, that may have pro-/anti-inflammatory or bactericidal functions or have a role in the mucociliary clearance. We have used a proteomics approach to identify the proteins secreted by an isolated in vitro model of human airway epithelium, at resting and under proinflammatory conditions, as a strategy to define the factors involved in epithelial barrier function. To this aim, we have analyzed the airway surface liquid from human bronchial epithelial cells grown as polarized monolayers in the presence and absence of inflammatory stimuli such as IL-4, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma. Two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry analysis has allowed the identification of approximately 175 secreted protein spots, among which are immune-related proteins, structural proteins, an actin severer, some protease inhibitors, and a metalloproteinase. Comparisons between treated and untreated conditions have shown that the expression of several proteins was significantly modified by the different cytokines. Our results indicate that the surface epithelium is an active player in the epithelial barrier function and that inflammatory conditions may modulate protein secretion.

Body Fluids↗