PubMed Health⌕ Search

PubMed · 10378189

Processing images by semi-linear predictability minimization.

Abstract

In the predictability minimization approach, input patterns are fed into a system consisting of adaptive, initially unstructured feature detectors. There are also adaptive predictors constantly trying to predict current feature detector outputs from other feature detector outputs. Simultaneously, however, the feature detectors try to become as unpredictable as possible, resulting in a co-evolution of predictors and feature detectors. This paper describes the implementation of a visual processing system trained by semi-linear predictability minimization, and presents many experiments that examine its response to artificial and real-world images. In particular, we observe that under a wide variety of conditions, predictability minimization results in the development of well-known visual feature detectors.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

N N Schraudolph, M Eldracher, J Schmidhuber. 1999. Processing images by semi-linear predictability minimization.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10378189/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

In vivo efficacy of two heated humidifiers used during CPAP-therapy for obstructive sleep apnea under various environmental conditions.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate the humidification performance-defined as the maximum achievable absolute humidity in the CPAP tube-of two heated humidifier systems (HH) offered as CPAP accessories, as a function of ambient air conditions. DESIGN: In 48 patients undergoing CPAP treatment, temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) in the distal CPAP tube system were measured, with and without either of the two heated humidifiers A (HH-A, n=23), or B (HH-B, n=25), until a steady state was achieved. At the same time, ambient T and RH in the examination room were recorded. T and RH were used to calculate the absolute humidity (AH). SETTING: University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany. PATICIPANTS: 48 patients with obstructive sleep apnea undergoing CPAP therapy. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Conditions in the examination room during measurement with the HH-A, T = 22.5+2.1 (16.4-26.0) degrees C and AH = 9.3+2.4 (5.3-13.9) g/m3 did not differ significantly from those prevailing during measurements with the HH-B, T = 22.9+1.9 (18.9-26.3) degrees C and AH = 9.9+2.8 (6.2-16.4) g/m3. The mean humidification performance (steady state AH with HH within the CPAP tube) of the HH-A was 23.5+2.9 (19.1-29.9) g/m3, that of the HH-B 26.8+3.9 (21.0-34.4) g/m3. CONCLUSIONS: Under the ambient conditions of humidity and temperature, commonly found in European and North American bedrooms, both HH demonstrate a high humidification performance that even falls within the range recommended for intubated patients. The difference between the two HH is small, and probably not clinical relevant. Thus, it would appear that both HH are suitable for the treatment of dry upper airways under CPAP therapy.

Environment↗

Commentary: facing the challenge of gene-environment interaction: the two-by-four table and beyond.

As a result of the Human Genome Project, epidemiologists can study thousands of genes and their interaction with the environment. The challenge is how to best present and analyze such studies of multiple genetic and environmental factors. The authors suggest emphasizing the fundamental core of gene-environment interaction-the separate assessment of the effects of individual and joint risk factors. In the simple analysis of one genotype and an exposure (both dichotomous), such study can be summarized in a two-by-four table. The advantages of such a table for data presentation and analysis are many: The table displays the data efficiently and highlights sample size issues; it allows for evaluation of the independent and joint roles of genotype and exposure on disease risk; and it emphasizes effect estimation over model testing. Researchers can easily estimate relative risks and attributable fractions and test different models of interaction. The two-by-four table is a useful tool for presenting, analyzing, and synthesizing data on gene-environment interaction. To highlight the role of gene-environment interaction in disease causation, the authors propose that the two-by-four table is the fundamental unit of epidemiologic analysis.

Environment↗