PubMed · 10515708
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C M Price. 1999. Error in DEHP background concentration.. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.107-1566562
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This study aims to investigate the toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and the potential molecular mechanisms of DEHP-induced bladder cancer (BLCA) using network toxicology and molecular docking strategies. The toxicity of DEHP was assessed using Prox-II software, and potential targets for DEHP-induced BLCA were identified by integrating data from ChEMBL database, Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals, SwissTargetPrediction, GeneCards, Therapeutic Target Database, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, and The Cancer Genome Atlas. STRING database and Cytoscape were employed to construct target networks and determine core targets. The expression levels of core targets were analyzed using R. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed on potential and core targets. Molecular docking was carried out using CB-Dock 2 to verify the interactions between DEHP and core targets. A total of 105 potential targets related to DEHP-induced BLCA were identified, from which 7 core targets were selected: cyclin-dependent kinase 1, interleukin 6, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, cyclin B1, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2, cyclin B2, and B-cell lymphoma 2. IL-6 and B-cell lymphoma 2 showed downregulated expression in tumor tissues, while cyclin-dependent kinase 1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, cyclin B1, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2, and cyclin B2 were upregulated. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses indicated that these targets were enriched in cell signaling and cancer-related pathways. Molecular docking confirmed that DEHP interacts with these core targets. DEHP may promote the development of BLCA by interacting with key proteins and signaling pathways. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms of DEHP-induced BLCA and offers references for future prevention and treatment strategies.
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The combination of a new thermodesorption module with a cooled injection system now provides a powerful system for direct analysis of volatile trace compounds in gaseous, liquid and solid samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). As a cooled injection system is used for the cryofocusing of the desorbed volatiles the GC-MC system still can be used for the regular analysis of liquid samples. Although plasticizers usually are analyzed by GC-MS after solvent extraction, contaminated solvents and glassware are very well known problems. Analysis of plasticizers in plastic materials by direct thermodesorption instead saves time and avoids cross contaminations. Many medical products are made of plasticized polyvinyl chloride. Extraction of the common plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) into blood will occur, and harmful effects of DEHP in the human body have been suggested. We therefore analyzed 21 different plastic devices which are used for various invasive techniques in medicine by direct thermodesorption GC-MS. In some of the plastics up to 30 different components were identified. By far the most common plasticizer found was DEHP, followed by diethyl and dibutyl phthalates.