PubMed · 10542513
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H Brookman. A personal tragedy.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10542513/
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Although prior research has demonstrated the utility of both alcohol expectancies and drinking motives in the prediction of alcohol use and problems, the specific relationship between these domains has not been examined in a clinical sample. One-hundred, forty-seven veterans on an inpatient substance abuse unit completed questionnaires measuring alcohol expectancies and alcohol motives and provided information on their alcohol consumption and related problems. Covariance structure modeling was used to test four theoretically competing models. Findings indicated that: (1) motives mediate the effects of expectancies on use and problems and expectancies do not exert an independent influence on consumption and alcohol problems and (2) contrary to past findings, alcohol use only partially mediates the relationship between enhancement motives and alcohol problems.
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Temporal information is essential for effective perception and action in the dynamic environment in which we exist. However, our ability to use information about time intervals flexibly to direct attention to an expected point in time has until recently been unexplored. Here we report a series of behavioural, neuroimaging and electrophysiological experiments that investigate and define the ability to orient attention in the temporal domain. These studies reveal that we are able to orient attention selectively to different time intervals, enhancing behavioural performance. These effects are mediated by a left-hemisphere dominant frontal-parietal system, which partially overlaps with the networks involved in spatial orienting. The optimisation of behaviour by temporal orienting appears to be achieved via motor-related mechanisms, in contrast to the typical perceptual enhancements produced by spatial attention. From a more general perspective, these findings illustrate the flexibility of attentional functions in the human brain.