PubMed · 10543064
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Y Katayama, T Katsumata. 1999. [Icosapentate (EPA)].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10543064/
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Evidence is put forward to suggest that myalgic encephalomyelitis, also known as chronic fatigue syndrome, may be associated with persistent viral infection. In turn, such infections are likely to impair the ability of the body to biosynthesise n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by inhibiting the delta-6 desaturation of the precursor essential fatty acids--namely, alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid. This would, in turn, impair the proper functioning of cell membranes, including cell signalling, and have an adverse effect on the biosynthesis of eicosanoids from the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. These actions might offer an explanation for some of the symptoms and signs of myalgic encephalomyelitis. A potential therapeutic avenue could be offered by bypassing the inhibition of the enzyme delta-6-desaturase by treatment with virgin cold-pressed non-raffinated evening primrose oil, which would supply gamma-linolenic acid and lipophilic pentacyclic triterpenes, and with eicosapentaenoic acid. The gamma-linolenic acid can readily be converted into dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and thence arachidonic acid, while triterpenes have important free radical scavenging, cyclo-oxygenase and neutrophil elastase inhibitory activities. Furthermore, both arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are, at relatively low concentrations, directly virucidal.
Nutritional factors may explain 30-75% of cases of hypertension, depending on the population. Overweight alone can explain 11-25%. Nutritional measures are effective in reducing blood pressure or delaying the onset of hypertension. Globally, their impact is close to that of antihypertensive treatment with a single drug and they potentiate the drug's efficacy. The Dash diet, in particular, has been shown to be effective in lowering blood pressure. It is low in saturated fat and sodium, rich in fruit, vegetables and nonfat dairy products.
The optimum culture conditions of Monodus subterraneus UTEX 151 for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production were at 25 degrees C, initial pH 7.0 and continuous illumination at 10 Klux light. The gas chromatographic data indicated that the fatty acid composition 20:5n-3 was predominant, at approximately 31%. In addition, 16:1, was the major monounsaturated fatty acid, while the 22:6n-3 was absent. Cultivation in 20 mM sodium acetate slightly enhanced the content of EPA from 31% up to 34% of the total fatty acids. Light micrographs of M. subterraneus UTEX 151 showed that the cell shape changed from spherical to ellipsoidal, as cell maturity was achieved. When the cells were in stationary phase, these became elongated spindle-shaped ellipses. TEM data demonstrated lipid body formation occurring in the thylakoid space of the chloroplast. Lipid body size varied with growth phase stage and they finally formed round clusters. The ultrastructure of M. subterraneus UTEX 151 vegetative cells of early and stationary growth stage showed the presence of chloroplasts, with many lipid bodies in the cell. Starch granules and lipid bodies occupied an--equal volume in the cell.