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Optic disk size in open-angle glaucoma: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.

P R Healey·P Mitchell
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Abstract

PURPOSE: To compare optic disk size in eyes of subjects classified as normal with the eyes of subjects with open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, or pseudoexfoliation syndrome in an older population-based sample. METHODS: The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3,654 subjects. Vertical disk diameter was measured from stereoscopic disk photographs, and we used spherical equivalent refraction to correct for magnification. Analyses used all eyes in a general estimating equation model. RESULTS: Mean disk diameter was 1.556 mm in glaucomatous eyes, significantly different (P <.05) than normal eyes (1.506 mm) and eyes with ocular hypertension (1.494 mm) or pseudoexfoliation (1.501 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with glaucoma have slightly larger optic disks than nonglaucomatous subjects.

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Exfoliation SyndromeGlaucoma, Open-AngleHumansMiddle AgedOcular HypertensionOptic DiskReference ValuesComparative StudyJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

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P R Healey, P Mitchell. 1999. Optic disk size in open-angle glaucoma: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(99)00195-6

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PubMed2006

Ocular and systemic pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

PURPOSE: To provide an update on most recent developments regarding ocular and systemic manifestations and complications, clinical diagnosis and management, and molecular pathophysiology of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome, and to discuss future tasks and challenges in this field. DESIGN: Perspective. METHODS: Review of recent literature and authors' own clinical and laboratory studies. RESULTS: PEX syndrome is a common age-related generalized fibrotic matrix process of worldwide significance, which may not only cause severe chronic open-angle glaucoma and cataract, but also a spectrum of other serious spontaneous and surgical intraocular complications. Recent progress and advances have led to (1) improvements in clinical management by understanding the effects of the PEX process on ocular tissues, by refining diagnostic criteria, by applying new treatment regimes, and by developing preventive strategies to reduce surgical complications; (2) increasing evidence for systemic associations of PEX with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity; and (3) new insights into the molecular pathophysiology by analyzing the composition of PEX material, the differential gene expression of affected tissues, and key factors involved in pathogenesis. The current pathogenetic concept describes PEX syndrome as an elastic microfibrillopathy involving transforming growth factor-beta1, oxidative stress, and impaired cellular protection mechanisms as key pathogenetic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Future tasks and challenges comprise epidemiologic prevalence and genetic studies of PEX syndrome, prospective randomized clinical and histopathological screening studies on its systemic manifestations and associations, and intensified basic research on differential protein and gene expression, animal and in vitro models, as well as potential biomarkers for PEX syndrome and its associated glaucoma.

Exfoliation Syndrome↗