PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 10673479

The future for tiotropium.

P M Calverley
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

In spite of growing interest in and knowledge about the causes and progression of COPD, neither the assessment nor pharmacologic treatment of this condition is currently ideal. Tiotropium is the first new treatment for COPD in many years. Tiotropium is a long-acting anticholinergic agent that has a potential role as a once-daily maintenance treatment, and a picture of its effectiveness is gradually emerging. Spirometry data from clinical studies demonstrate that it is a potent bronchodilator in patients with COPD and it is very well tolerated. Further data on health status and quality of life are awaited.

Explore related subjects

Bronchodilator AgentsCholinergic AntagonistsDelayed-Action PreparationsForecastingHumansLung Diseases, ObstructiveQuality of LifeScopolamine DerivativesTiotropium BromideJournal Article

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

P M Calverley. 2000. The future for tiotropium.. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.117.2_suppl.67s

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2006

Physical stability enhancement of theophylline via cocrystallization.

The crystal form adopted by the respiratory drug theophylline was modified using a crystal engineering strategy in order to search for a solid material with improved physical stability. Cocrystals, also referred to as crystalline molecular complexes, were prepared with theophylline and one of several dicarboxylic acids. Four cocrystals of theophylline are reported, one each with oxalic, malonic, maleic and glutaric acids. Crystal structures were obtained for each cocrystal material, allowing an examination of the hydrogen bonding and crystal packing features. The cocrystal design scheme was partly based upon a series of recently reported cocrystals of the molecular analogue, caffeine, and comparisons in packing features are drawn between the two cocrystal series. The theophylline cocrystals were subjected to relative humidity challenges in order to assess their stability in relation to crystalline theophylline anhydrate and the equivalent caffeine cocrystals. None of the cocrystals in this study converted into a hydrated cocrystal upon storage at high relative humidity. Furthermore, the theophylline:oxalic acid cocrystal demonstrated superior humidity stability to theophylline anhydrate under the conditions examined, while the other cocrystals appeared to offer comparable stability to that of theophylline anhydrate. The results demonstrate the feasibility of pharmaceutical cocrystal design based upon the crystallization preferences of a molecular analogue, and furthermore show that avoidance of hydrate formation and improvement in physical stability is possible via pharmaceutical cocrystallization.

Bronchodilator Agents↗
PubMed2006

The effect of carrier surface treatment on drug particle detachment from crystalline carriers in adhesive mixtures for inhalation.

In this study, the effect of lactose carrier surface treatment on drug particle detachment during inhalation has been investigated. Crystals of marketed brands of alpha lactose monohydrate brands normally exhibit a certain surface rugosity and contain natural fines and impurities on their surface, which influence the drug-to-carrier interaction in adhesive mixtures for inhalation. Submersion treatment may change these surface characteristics. Two different sieve fractions (63-90 and 250-355microm) were submerged in mixtures of ethanol and water (96 and 80% v/v, respectively). Microscopic observation and laser diffraction analysis revealed that neither the shape nor the size of the carrier particles was changed by the submersion treatment. However, the specific surface area and the amount of impurities appeared to decrease substantially after submersion, and the magnitude of the decrease was different for the different ethanol-water mixtures. The reduction in specific surface area was attributed particularly to the removal of the adhering lactose fines from the carrier surface. Mixtures with budesonide (in a wide range of carrier payloads) were prepared before and after treatment. Drug particle detachment from the various mixtures was studied with a sieve test and with a cascade impactor analysis at 30 and 60l/min. Two different types of inhalers were used, one generating lift- and drag-forces (ISF inhaler) and one generating inertial forces (test inhaler), respectively. The cascade impactor and sieve test experiments showed that an increase in carrier surface smoothness results in a reduced drug particle detachment during inhalation, which was independent of the type of inhaler used. This reduction could be attributed to the removal of the adhering lactose fines which may provide shelter for the drug particles from press-on forces during mixing.

Bronchodilator Agents↗