PubMed · 10723441
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C Desmet. [Changes in physical mobility].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10723441/
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This report describes an autopsy case of a rare longitudinal brainstem laceration associated with complex basilar skull fractures. The victim was a 40-year-old male who died immediately after falling from a roof (9.2m in height) of a factory onto a concrete floor. The postmortem examination revealed an incomplete ring fracture of the base of the skull with longitudinal fractures of the sphenoid (clivus of the dorsum sellae turcicae) and occipital bones, cerebral contusions in the frontal and temporal poles, a longitudinal brainstem laceration at the posterior median sulcus of the pons accompanied with multiple contusional hemorrhages in the brainstem and corpus callosum. Related blunt-force injuries were observed in the parieto-occipital region of the head, shoulder and upper back involving the fractures of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae, and sternum and ribs, indicating a huge impact to the occiput and subsequent impression of the vertebral column into the base of the skull due to violent anteroflexion of the neck, which caused the complex basilar skull fractures, contusions and longitudinal laceration of the brainstem.
The objective of this study was to investigate the modulation of the ankle muscle electromyographic (EMG) response as a function of mental set. Thirteen young healthy subjects underwent 40 unexpected and self-initiated drops from 30 cm above two separate force-plates. Following unexpected drops, reflex activities were observed in the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and tibialis anterior (TA) at mean latencies (+/- SD) of 83.59 +/- 10.1 and 99.43 +/- 21.82 ms, respectively. Following self-initiated drops, the response latency of the MG was significantly shortened (to 71.98 +/- 10 ms, P<0.05), and the TA was significantly lengthened (to 183.33 +/- 45 ms, P<0.05) when compared with unexpected drops. Such a modulation was associated with a significant reduction of the impact force on landing as compared with unexpected drops (by 17%, P<0.05). Interestingly, a negative correlation was found between the onset of the TA EMG response and the magnitude of the impact force on landing during expected (r= -0.66, P<0.05) but not unexpected drops.
Injuries due to interaction with dogs and cats are not uncommon, and constituted 1.4% of all injuries in an unselected policlinical and inpatient material. This material was collected from a population of 135,000 people in Northern Sweden, and during 2 years 280 patients with injuries related to these domestic animals were found (Ndogs = 212, Ncats = 68). The injuries were in most cases caused by bites and by falls. The former were more common among men, the latter more common among women and related to fractures and dislocations. In contrast to many previous investigations, bite injuries were more common among adults than among children, possibly related to national differences in the keeping of dogs. Most dog related injuries were caused by the owner's dog. Walking the dog was the activity most often related to personal injury. The cost for inpatient cases (treated at the University Hospital, Umeå) caused by dogs and cats is of the same magnitude as the cost due to motorcycling in traffic, but less than the cost for injuries sustained during horseback riding and other horse related activities, for soccer, snowmobiling and for assaults.