PubMed · 10741602
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J W Davies. 2000. Recent references.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10741602/
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BACKGROUND: Burn injuries trigger complex immune responses and gene expression changes, impacting wound healing and systemic inflammation. Understanding these changes is crucial for identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets. METHODS: We analyzed two gene expression omnibus datasets (wound tissue [GSE8056] and blood [GSE37069]) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in burn injury samples versus controls. Immune cell proportions were assessed using CIBERSORT. Functional enrichment analyses (Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed to identify key genes and pathways. RESULTS: We identified 1170 upregulated and 1227 downregulated DEGs. Gene Ontology analysis revealed enrichment in neutrophil activation, inflammatory response, and extracellular matrix organization. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis highlighted cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TNF, and IL-17 signaling pathways. Immune infiltration analysis showed significant changes in neutrophils, macrophages (M1/M2), and T-cell subsets. Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified five hub genes: JUN, STAT1, Bcl2, MMP9, and TLR2. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of gene expression and immune responses in burn injuries. The identified DEGs, hub genes, and pathways offer insights into the immune response mechanisms and suggest potential targets for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in burn injury management.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of laser pulse duration and cryogen spray cooling (CSC) on epidermal damage and depth of collagen coagulation in skin resurfacing with repetitive Er:YAG laser irradiation. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Evolution of temperature field in skin is calculated using a simple one-dimensional model of sub-ablative pulsed laser exposure and CSC. The model is solved numerically for laser pulse durations of 150 and 600 microsec, and 6 msec cryogen spurts delivered just prior to ("pre-cooling"), or during and after ("post-cooling") the 600 microsec laser pulse. RESULTS: The model indicates a minimal influence of pulse duration on the extent of thermal effect in dermis, but less epidermal damage with 600 microsec pulses as compared to 150 microsec at the same pulse fluence. Application of pre- or post-cooling reduces the peak surface temperature after laser exposure and accelerates its relaxation toward the base temperature to a different degree. However, the temperature profile in skin after 50 msec is in either example very similar to that after a lower-energy laser pulse without CSC. CONCLUSIONS: When applied in combination with repetitive Er:YAG laser exposure, CSC strongly affects the amount of heat available for dermal coagulation. As a result, CSC may not provide spatially selective epidermal protection in Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing.
We present a successful case of aesthetic reconstruction utilizing free latissimus dorsi muscle flap transfer. A large quantity of skin of the dorsum of hand and finger was lost. The dorsum of the index, long and ring fingers was severely damaged, such that extensor tendons were necrotic and all digital bones and the second metatarsal bone were exposed with partial necrosis. In addition, the proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP) were also exposed. To cover exposed bones and the tendons of dorsum of the hand, a free latissimus dorsi muscle flap was transferred, and then meshed skin covered the muscle, resulting in a mitten-like condition. After cutting the grafted muscle and skin to divide fingers, the grafted muscle was shaved to create the contour of fingers and dorsum of the hand, and then sheet grafting was performed. Six years after the operation, although the movement of fingers was restricted, an acceptable contour of the hand was obtained. The patient is satisfied with the result and does not desire any further surgery. In conclusion, the use of latissimus dorsi muscle flap is a method of choice not only to cover damaged hand but also to give contour in the aesthetic reconstruction of a hand presenting after heat-press injury.