PubMed · 1078082
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H A McDaniel. 1976. Laboratory support for emergency programs.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1078082/
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Single-locus disorders in domesticated animals were among the first Mendelian traits to be documented after the rediscovery of Mendelism, and to be included in early linkage maps. The use of linkage maps and (increasingly) comparative genomics has been central to the identification of the causative gene for single-locus disorders of considerable practical importance. The 'score-card' in domestic animals is now more than 100 disorders for which the molecular lesion has been identified and hence for which a DNA test is available. Because of the limited lifespan of any such test, a cost-effective and hence popular means of protecting the intellectual property inherent in a DNA test is not to publish the discovery. While understandable, this practice creates a disconcerting precedent. For multifactorial disorders that are scored on an all-or-none basis or into many classes, the effectiveness of control schemes could be greatly enhanced by selection on estimated breeding values for liability. Genetic variation for resistance to pathogens and parasites is ubiquitous. Selection for resistance can therefore be successful. Because of the technical and welfare challenges inherent in the requirement to expose animals to pathogens or parasites in order to be able to select for resistance, there is a very active search for DNA markers for resistance. The first practical fruits of this research were seen in 2002, with the launch of a national scrapie control programme in the UK.
In the past, emphasis was on deficiencies in relation to nutrition and animal health, but nowadays it is more on the relevance of nutrition (or nutrients) to the aetiology and prevention of disease. This is illustrated by an outline of the association between the (over)feeding of dairy cattle before and around calving and the incidence of diseases that frequently occur post calving. The nutritional management of clinical diseases and the application of enteral or tube feeding is nowadays part of modern pet animal practice. The difference between a nutrient and a medicine is becoming vague and the application of recombinant DNA-technics offers new and interesting possibilities to increase the medicinal value of certain feeds. These trends in animal health care together with the wish of clients to be informed of the feeding of their animals, either pet animal of farm animal, greatly increase the demand for knowledge and skill of animal nutrition. The current veterinary medicine curriculum does not allow sufficient time for students to gain the necessary knowledge and skill in animal nutrition. Therefore specialists in veterinary nutrition are needed who can advice the providers of veterinary nutritional and other health care services in order to use optimal the nutritional support possibilities in animal health care as well as in improving productivity.
Spider Lamb Syndrome (SLS) is a semi-lethal congenital disorder, causing severe skeletal abnormalities in sheep. The syndrome has now been disseminated into several sheep breeds in the United States, Canada, and Australia. The mode of inheritance for SLS is autosomal recessive, making the identification and culling of carrier animals difficult due to their normal phenotype. Two large pedigrees segregating for the SLS mutation were established, and a genome scan with genetic markers from previously published genome maps of cattle and sheep was used to map the locus causing SLS. Genetic linkage between SLS and several microsatellite markers, OarJMP8, McM214, OarJMP12, and BL1038, was detected, thereby mapping the SLS locus to the telomeric end of ovine Chromosome (Chr) 6. Alignment of ovine Chr 6 with its evolutionary ortholog, human Chr 4, revealed a positional candidate gene, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3).