PubMed Health⌕ Search

PubMed · 11019078

Patterning electro-osmotic flow with patterned surface charge.

Abstract

This Letter reports the measurement of electro-osmotic flows (EOF) in microchannels with surface charge patterned on the 200 microm scale. We have investigated two classes of patterns: (1) Those in which the surface charge varies along a direction perpendicular to the electric field used to drive the EOF; this type of pattern generates multidirectional flow along the direction of the field. (2) Those in which the surface charge pattern varies parallel to the field; this pattern generates recirculating cellular flow, and thus causes motion both parallel and perpendicular to the external field. Measurements of both of these flows agree well with theory in the limit of thin double layers and low surface potential.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

A D Stroock, M Weck, D T Chiu, W T Huck, P J Kenis, R F Ismagilov, G M Whitesides. 2000-04-10. Patterning electro-osmotic flow with patterned surface charge.. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.84.3314

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

Extreme electronic modulation of the cofacial porphyrin structural motif.

The synthesis, electrochemistry, and optical spectroscopy of an extensive series of cofacial bis[(porphinato)zinc(II)] compounds are reported. These species were synthesized using sequential palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling and cobalt-mediated [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions. This modular methodology enables facile control of the nature of macrocycle-to-macrocycle connectivity and allows unprecedented modulation of the redox properties of face-to-face porphyrin species. We report the synthesis of 5,6-bis[(5',5''-10',20'-bis[4-(3-methoxy-3-methylbutoxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II)]indane (1), 5,6-bis[(2'-5',10',15',20'-tetraphenylporphinato)zinc(II)]indane (2), 5-([2'-5',10',15',20'-tetraphenylporphinato]zinc(II))-6-[(5"-10'',20''-bis[4-(3-methoxy-3-methylbutoxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II)]indane (3), 5-([2'-5',10',15',20'-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)porphinato]zinc(II))-6-[(5' '-10' ',20' '-bis[4-(3-methoxy-3-methylbutoxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II)]indane (4), 5-(2'-5',10',15',20'-[tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)porphinato]zinc(II))-6-[(2''-5'',10'',15'',20''-tetraphenylporphinato)zinc(II)]indane (5), 5,6-bis([2'-5',15'-diphenyl-10',20'-(trifluoromethyl)porphinato]zinc(II))indane (6), and 5,6-bis([2'-5',10',15',20'-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)porphinato]zinc(II))indane (7); 4-7 define the first examples of cofacial bis[(porphinato)metal] compounds in which sigma-electron-withdrawing perfluoroalkyl groups serve as macrocycle substituents, while 2, 6, and 7 constitute the first such structures that possess a beta-to-beta linkage topology. Cyclic voltammetric studies show that the electrochemically determined HOMO and LUMO energy levels of these cofacial bis(porphinato) complexes can be lowered by 780 and 945 mV, respectively, relative to the archetypal members of this class of compounds; importantly, these orbital energy levels can be modulated over well-defined increments throughout these wide potentiometric domains. Analyses of these cofacial bis[(porphinato)metal] potentiometric data, in terms of the absolute and relative frontier orbital energies of their constituent [porphinato]zinc(II) building blocks, as well as the nature of macrocycle-to-macrocycle connectivity, provide predictive electronic structural models that rationalize the redox behavior of these species.

Electrochemistry↗

Molecular "wiring" enzymes in organized nanostructures.

We report on the "molecular wiring" efficiency of glucose oxidase in organized self-assembled nanostructures comprised of enzyme layers alternating with layers of an osmium-derivatized poly(allylamine) cationic polyelectrolyte, acting as redox relays. Varying the relative position of the active enzyme layer in nanostructures alternating active enzyme and inactive apoenzyme we have demonstrated that the specific rate of bimolecular FADH(2) oxidation ("wiring efficiency") is limited by the diffusion-like electron hopping mechanism in the multilayers.

Electrochemistry↗

Improved amperometric method for the rapid and quantitative measurement of lipoxygenase activity in vegetable tissue crude homogenates.

An improved amperometric method for rapid (2 min) quantitative determination of lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in vegetable tissue crude homogenates is presented. Measured LOX activity was linear (R(2) > 0.99) throughout the entire activity range for green bean and for corn below 70% activity. The resolution was 0.4% or 1.11 micromol L(-1) s(-1) of oxygen. The limit of detection was 3.43 micromol L(-1) s(-1) of oxygen. The amperometric method was improved by encapsulating linoleic acid (LA) in beta-cyclodextrin (CD) resulting in a stable substrate-buffer solution at a pH below 8.0. Ethanol and Tween 20 were not effective in solubilizing high LA concentrations required by the assay. A prototype benchtop instrument with the potential for use in an industrial environment is also presented.

Electrochemistry↗