PubMed · 1102700
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D Kaiser, M Syvanen, T Masuda. 1975-01-15. DNA packaging steps in bacteriophage lambda head assembly.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836(75)90158-8
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The human mitochondrial genome must be replicated and expressed in a timely manner to maintain energy metabolism and supply cells with adequate levels of adenosine triphosphate. Central to this process is the idea that replication primers and gene products both arise via transcription from a single light strand promoter (LSP) such that primer formation can influence gene expression, with no consensus as to how this is regulated. Here, we report the discovery of a second light strand promoter (LSP2) in humans, with features characteristic of a bona fide mitochondrial promoter. We propose that the position of LSP2 on the mitochondrial genome allows replication and gene expression to be orchestrated from two distinct sites, which expands our long-held understanding of mitochondrial gene expression in humans.
Small-molecule kinase inhibitors represent a major group of cancer therapeutics, but tumor responses are often incomplete. To identify pathways that modulate kinase inhibitor response, we conducted a genome-wide knockout (KO) screen in glioblastoma cells treated with the pan-ErbB inhibitor neratinib. Loss of general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase rendered cells resistant to neratinib, whereas depletion of the GADD34 phosphatase increased neratinib sensitivity. Loss of GCN2 conferred neratinib resistance by preventing binding and activation of GCN2 by neratinib. Several other Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved inhibitors, such erlotinib and sunitinib, also bound and activated GCN2. Our results highlight the utility of genome-wide functional screens to uncover novel mechanisms of drug action and document the role of the integrated stress response (ISR) in modulating the response to inhibitors of oncogenic kinases.
Evidence is presented for the binding of ATP to alpha-crystallin in the lens by 31P NMR spectroscopic measurements. The chemical shift data as well as the T1 and T2 values indicate that P beta and P gamma of ATP are of prime importance in binding. In addition, it is demonstrated that the association of alpha-crystallin with purified fiber cell membranes is significantly enhanced by the addition of ATP. These results suggest that ATP modulates the functional behavior of alpha-crystallin.