PubMed · 11140718
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B Bridges. 2000. Controllable dose-COMARE letter.. https://doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746%2F20%2F4%2F603
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This paper outlines how objective measurements of both image quality, in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, and effective dose may be used as tools to find the optimum kVp range for a digital chest radiography system. Measurements were made with Thoravision, an amorphous selenium-based digital chest X-ray system. The entrance surface dose and the effective dose to an anthropomorphic chest phantom were determined demonstrating how effective dose is related to beam quality. The image quality was measured using detective quantum efficiency, threshold contrast and a radiologist preference trial involving 100 patients. The results show that, despite the fact that the entrance surface dose decreases as the kVp increases, the effective dose, a better measure of the risk, reaches a minimum value between 90 and 110 kVp; however, the image quality decreases as the kVp increases. In this study the optimum kVp for chest radiography, using a selenium-based radiography system, is in the range 90-110 kVp. This is contrary to the 120- to 150-kVp range that is commonly used. Also, this study shows how objective measurements can be used to optimise radiographic technique without prolonged patient trials.
The concentrations of 222Rn (radon) and its progeny with surrounding environmental gamma-dose rates were measured simultaneously inside and outside of buildings at 10 locations around Taipei and Hualien in Taiwan. For summer radon in Taiwan, indoor concentrations were estimated to be about 20 Bq m(-3) with about 90 nSv h- of environmental gamma, and outdoors, about 10 Bq m(-3) with about 70 nSv h(-1). The equilibrium factors were calculated to be 0.2-0.3 indoors and 0.3-0.4 outdoors. Indoor radon concentration had a weak positive correlation with gamma-dose rate. Since there is a possibility that high radon concentrations exist indoors during the cool season in Taiwan because of extremely low ventilation rates in the dwellings, a winter survey in January through February will be needed for future estimation of the annual effective dose.
The responses of a direct ion storage dosimeter (DIS-1) to energetic heavy charged particles were examined using (4)He, (12)C, (40)Ar and (56)Fe ion beams at the HIMAC at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. The efficiency of the DIS-1 on the basis of absorbed dose was almost unity for the helium and carbon ions and was slightly decreased for the argon and iron ions. The linearity in the dose response and the angular independence for these heavy ions were fairly good. Although further studies are necessary, these results suggest that the DIS-1 would be a suitable passive dosimeter for measurements of absorbed dose in a field dominated by heavy charged particles such as the space environment.