PubMed · 1128128
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P O Barr, C Lundgren, L Revesz. 1975-05-21. [Progress in hyperbaric medicine].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1128128/
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Ignition times of endotracheal tubes used in laser surgery have been determined in room air with oxygen flowing through the tube. Using uncuffed endotracheal tubes in children, we measured the oxygen level around the endotracheal tube at the vocal cords and found that it closely approximates the inspired oxygen concentration. We then tested Rusch red rubber and polyvinyl chloride endotracheal tubes while varying the external oxygen concentration. Little difference in ignition time was found for the polyvinyl chloride tube. The red rubber tube ignited significantly faster as the ambient oxygen levels were increased to as little as 30%. Our tests indicate that uncuffed red rubber tubes are not safer than polyvinyl chloride tubes when used with the carbon dioxide laser. All endotracheal tubes used with the laser should be tested for ignition at various extraluminal oxygen concentrations.
The danger from pneumothorax in patients who undergo compression chamber treatment for cerebral arterial gas embolism (CAGE) following pulmonary barotrauma is frequently emphasized. Two cases of CAGE treated by recompression after submarine escape tank training (SETT) accidents are described. Both were complicated by bilateral pneumothoraces but the first case, treated on an air table, required thoracentesis in the chamber, whereas the second case, treated on an oxygen table, escaped the need for in-chamber thoracentesis despite large pneumothoraces. Review of similar Royal Navy and United States Navy SETT accidents suggests that the danger from pneumothorax during recompression treatment of CAGE victims may be overstated. Modern management on oxygen-based therapeutic recompression tables may significantly reduce the risk. Thoracentesis while under pressure should be reserved for cases developing symptoms or signs of tension pneumothorax. Treatment options for these cases are discussed and a decision algorithm is proposed.
Microcomputer calculation of the heat resistance of clothes gives the current data for the wide range of air speed. Programme is based on the equation, summarizing the number of standard clothing layers. Other methods (using of dummies, trials on humans) were analysed and the results identical to the suggested method were obtained.