PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 11297177

A three-dimensional model for ciliary motion based on the internal 9+2 structure.

S Gueron·K Levit-Gurevich
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Here we present, to our knowledge, the first modelling platform that enables simulations of three-dimensional (3D) motion of multicilia arrays at a detailed level. It consists of three building blocks: (i) geometric equations for tracking the 3D motion of the cilia, (ii) a hydrodynamic description of the ciliary system, and (iii) model equations for the internal bend generating based on the 9 + 2 structure. The model generates seemingly realistic 3D beat patterns and demonstrates metachronal coordination that evolves autonomously as a result of the hydrodynamic coupling between the cilia. We study the effect of the twisting motion within the cilia and propose a conjecture on a possible role of the radial spokes system.

Explore related subjects

CiliaDyneinsKineticsMathematicsModels, BiologicalModels, StructuralMovementJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

S Gueron, K Levit-Gurevich. 2001-03-22. A three-dimensional model for ciliary motion based on the internal 9+2 structure.. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2000.1396

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2025

Cilia.Pro database of ciliary proteins from vertebrates, Chlamydomonas, and Caenorhabditis.

Cilia and flagella are microtubule-based organelles that generate force and sense the extracellular environment. In humans, these structures are essential for development, homeostasis, and reproduction, with defects contributing to a wide array of congenital and degenerative disorders. As cilia were present on the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes, research on cilia across model organisms holds significant relevance for understanding human disease. The green alga Chlamydomonas, which diverged from the human lineage with the animal-plant split, shares striking similarities in ciliary structure and function with humans. Two decades ago, our group published the proteome of the Chlamydomonas cilium, identifying hundreds of new ciliary proteins that were organized in an online database. Since then, advances have brought us a more comprehensive understanding of both Chlamydomonas and mammalian cilia. Our database, www.Cilia.Pro, has been continually updated to integrate proteomic, transcriptomic, and genomic data from Chlamydomonas and Caenorhabditis along with humans, and other vertebrates providing a valuable tool for the ciliary research community.

Cilia↗
PubMed2003

Primary cilium--is it an osteocyte's strain-sensing flowmeter?

With few exceptions, the non-cycling cells in a vast range of animals including humans have a non-motile primary cilium that extends from the mother centriole of the pair of centrioles in their centrosomes located between their Golgi apparatuses and nuclei. It has very recently been shown that the primary cilium of a dog or a mouse embryonic kidney cell is a fluid flowmeter studded with heterodimeric complexes of mechanoreceptors linked to Ca(2+)-permeable cation channels that when the cilium is bent can send Ca(2+) signals into the cell and beyond to neighboring cells through gap junctions. More than 30 years ago, osteocytes were reported also to have primary cilia, but this was promptly ignored or forgotten. Osteocytes are the bones' strain sensors, which measure skeletal activity from the effects of currents of extracellular fluid caused by their bones being bent and squeezed during various activities such as walking and running. Since bending a kidney cell's primary cilium can send a Ca(2+) wave surging through itself and its neighbors, the bending of an osteocyte's primary cilium by sloshing extracellular fluid is likely to do the same thing and thus be involved in measuring and responding to bone strain.

Cilia↗