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Fast maximum-likelihood image-restoration algorithms for three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy.

J Markham·J A Conchello
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Abstract

We have evaluated three constrained, iterative restoration algorithms to find a fast, reliable algorithm for maximum-likelihood estimation of fluorescence microscopic images. Two algorithms used a Gaussian approximation to Poisson statistics, with variances computed assuming Poisson noise for the images. The third method used Csiszar's information-divergence (I-divergence) discrepancy measure. Each method included a nonnegativity constraint and a penalty term for regularization; optimization was performed with a conjugate gradient method. Performance of the methods was analyzed with simulated as well as biological images and the results compared with those obtained with the expectation-maximization-maximum-likelihood (EM-ML) algorithm. The I-divergence-based algorithm converged fastest and produced images similar to those restored by EM-ML as measured by several metrics. For a noiseless simulated specimen, the number of iterations required for the EM-ML method to reach a given log-likelihood value was approximately the square of the number required for the I-divergence-based method to reach the same value.

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AlgorithmsHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalLikelihood FunctionsMicroscopy, FluorescenceModels, TheoreticalTime FactorsJournal ArticleResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

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BibTeXRIS

J Markham, J A Conchello. 2001. Fast maximum-likelihood image-restoration algorithms for three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy.. https://doi.org/10.1364/josaa.18.001062

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