PubMed · 11428183
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
M Hickey, J M Higham, I S Fraser. 2001. Hormone replacement therapy and irregular bleeding.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11428183/
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
Changes in the composition and physical properties of the mucous gel covering the endometrial surface are detected during the menstrual cycle and in pathological conditions. The aim of this study is to analyze the expression patterns of the 11p15 secreted mucins, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6, and the membrane-bound mucin MUC4 in proliferative and secretory normal endometrium, simple and complex hyperplasia, and endometrial adenocarcinoma. A total of 98 samples, 19 of normal endometrium (11 proliferative and 8 secretor), 44 of endometrial hyperplasia (23 simple, 21 complex), and 35 of endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinomas were analyzed by immunohistochemical techniques using specific antimucin antibodies. In the endometrial proliferative glandular epithelium, only MUC4 is detected (36.3% cases). During the secretory phase, increased levels of MUC2 are found (37.5%), whereas MUC4 is less detected (12.5%). In simple hyperplasia, higher levels of mucins are expressed in the endometrial glands: MUC2 is detected in 8.7%, MUC4 in 43.4%, and MUC5AC and MUC6 in 13% of the samples, whereas in complex hyperplasia, decreased levels of mucin expression are found: MUC2 and MUC5AC are not detected, and MUC4 (28.5%) and MUC6 (20.4%) are positive. In endometrial adenocarcinoma, MUC4 is highly detected (77.1%) and increased levels of MUC5AC and MUC6 are found (61.7% and 48.5%), whereas MUC2 is poorly detected (8.5%). These findings suggest that during endometrial neoplasic transformation, increased levels of MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC6 are detected, whereas MUC2 is only significantly detected in the secretory endometrium.
PROBLEM: Uterine NK cells have a unique phenotype compared with blood NK cell subsets, yet little is known about how NK cells function as a part of the innate immune cell network in the female reproductive tract. METHOD OF STUDY: The expression of key receptors and function of uterine NK cells in response to cytokines, sex hormones, and pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) was analyzed. This article summarizes recent findings on the biology and function of NK cells in the female reproductive tract. RESULTS: Uterine NK cells express Toll-like receptors and respond to cytokines and PAMPs under specific conditions. Evidence indicates that NK cells play an important role in the reorganization of blood vessels during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Human uterine NK cells are a major population of leukocytes in the endometrium and play an important role as a component of host defense and in successful reproduction.
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the outcomes and management of pregnancy after transcervical resection of the endometrium (TCRE). METHODS: Retrospective study of 39 pregnancies after 1621 procedures of TCRE. RESULTS: Among 1621 women who were successfully followed up after TCRE, there were 39 pregnancies in 32 women, including five ectopic pregnancies (12.8%) and 34 intrauterine pregnancies (87.2%). The majority of pregnancies (84.6%) occurred within the first 2 years. In the first year after TCRE, the incidence of pregnancy was 1.5%. In women who had amenorrhoea after TCRE, the chances of conception (2/676; 0.3%) were significantly (P < 0.001) lower than for those who continued to have period (30/945; 3.2%). Thirty-two cases with intrauterine pregnancy were terminated under ultrasound guidance with two difficult procedures. Only one pregnancy in our study resulted in spontaneous miscarriage which was managed by suction curettage. One term pregnancy had placenta increta resulting in Caesarean hysterectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancies after TCRE are associated with increased risk, and clinicians should be aware of the various complications of pregnancy that may occur after TCRE, including an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. Surgical termination of pregnancy after TCRE is potentially a difficult procedure and should be carried out under ultrasound guidance.