PubMed Health⌕ Search

PubMed · 1151431

Cell counts in the human cerebral cortex using a traditional and an automatic method.

Abstract

This study compares the results of cell counting in the human cerebral cortex by a traditional and an automatic procedure. Four blocks were taken from standard areas of each of 10 brains from individuals aged 18-95 years and showing no neurological abnormality. Sections from each block were counted by traditional and automatic methods, both of which are described. The traditional method used photomicrographs and the automatic procedure used the quantimet 720 Image Analysing Computer. The degree of reproducibility of each method was measured and the results are discussed and tabulated. Comparison are made of the total cell counts, and the counts of cells measuring greater than 20 um across. The results show a high level of correlation between the two procedures but the manual count yields higher number for total cells and smaller numbers for large cells than the automatic method. The reasons for these discrepancies are discussed and examples of the arterfacts which produce them are giver. Using the traditional method described the amount of meterial examined took about 4 months to study. The sane tissue can be assessed in 1 day using the automatic apparatus. The high speed and close correlation achieved by the automatic procedure makes it a valuable aid in quantitative cell studies in the central nervous system.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

G Henderson, B E Tomlinson, D Weightman. 1975. Cell counts in the human cerebral cortex using a traditional and an automatic method.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510x(75)90135-5

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

Granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor upregulates HIV-1 replication in monocyte-derived macrophages cultured at low density.

The effects that granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has on HIV-1 replication in monocyte-derived macrophage are controversial. We noted that groups reporting that GM-CSF inhibits HIV-1 replication performed their experiments at relatively high cell densities. To address this issue, we performed experiments at different macrophage densities. In cultures seeded at low cell densities, we find that adding GM-CSF during the first week of culture (ie, before infection, during maturation) increased viral replication compared with that in untreated controls in 10 of 11 donors with quantifiable HIV-1 replication. (No effects were observed if GM-CSF was added after the first week of culture.) In cultures seeded at the higher cell densities representative of those in some previous studies, adding GM-CSF during the first week reduced subsequent viral replication in 8 of 12 donors. In all cases in which GM-CSF reduced viral replication, however, the pH in the wells containing GM-CSF-treated cells dropped dramatically. Macrophages in these acidified cultures had numerous dark granules, suggesting that they were under stress. We conclude, contrary to previous reports, that GM-CSF usually enhances viral replication when cells are grown at low densities in which excessive medium acidification can be prevented. Our results illustrate the dramatic effects that in vitro tissue culture conditions can have when studying the effect of cytokines on HIV-1 replication.

Cell Count↗

The alpha and beta subunits of the metalloprotease meprin are expressed in separate layers of human epidermis, revealing different functions in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation.

The zinc endopeptidase meprin (EC 3.4.24.18) is expressed in brush border membranes of intestine and kidney tubules, intestinal leukocytes, and certain cancer cells, suggesting a role in epithelial differentiation and cell migration. Here we show by RT-PCR and immunoblotting that meprin is also expressed in human skin. As visualized by immunohistochemistry, the two meprin subunits are localized in separate cell layers of the human epidermis. Meprin alpha is expressed in the stratum basale, whereas meprin beta is found in cells of the stratum granulosum just beneath the stratum corneum. In hyperproliferative epidermis such as in psoriasis vulgaris, meprin alpha showed a marked shift of expression from the basal to the uppermost layers of the epidermis. The expression patterns suggest distinct functions for the two subunits in skin. This assumption is supported by diverse effects of recombinant meprin alpha and beta on human adult low-calcium high-temperature keratinocytes. Here, beta induced a dramatic change in cell morphology and reduced the cell number, indicating a function in terminal differentiation, whereas meprin alpha did not affect cell viability, and may play a role in basal keratinocyte proliferation.

Cell Count↗

Comparison of plateletpheresis on the Fresenius AS.TEC 204 and Haemonetics MCS 3p.

This is an attempt at comparing two cell separators for plateletpheresis, namely the Fresenius AS.TEC 204 and Haemonetics MCS 3p, at a tertiary care center in India. Donors who weighed between 55-75 kg, who had a hematocrit of 41-43%, and platelet counts of 250x10(3)-400x10(3)/microl were selected for the study. The comparability of the donors who donated on the two cell separators were analysed by t-test independent samples and no significant differences were found (P>0.05). The features compared were time taken for the procedure, volume processed on the separators, adverse reactions of the donors, quality control of the product, separation efficiency of the separators, platelet loss in the donors after the procedure, and the predictor versus the actual yield of platelets given by the cell separator. The volume processed to get a target yield of >3x10(11) was equal to 2.8-3.2 l and equal in both the cell separators. Symptoms of citrate toxicity were seen in 4 and 2.5% of donors who donated on the MCS 3p and the AS.TEC 204, respectively, and 3 and 1% of donors, respectively, had vasovagal reactions. All the platelet products collected had a platelet count of >3x10(11); 90% of the platelet products collected on the AS.TEC 204 attained the predicted yield that was set on the cell separator where as 75% of the platelet products collected on the MCS 3p attained the target yield. Quality control of the platelets collected on both the cell separators complied with the standards except that 3% of the platelets collected on the MCS 3p had a visible red cell contamination. The separation efficiency of the MCS 3p was higher, 50-52% as compared to the 40-45% on the AS.TEC 204. A provision of double venous access, less adverse reactions, negligible RBC contamination with a better predictor yield of platelets makes the AS.TEC 204 a safer and more reliable alternative than the widely used Haemonetics MCS 3p.

Cell Count↗