Acceleration-sensitivity threshold of Physarum.

Abstract

Free-living cells show distinct gravisensitivities and often use the gravity ('g') vector for their spatial orientation. The rhythmic contractions of the ameboid Myxomycete (acellular slime mold) Physarum polycephalum are a sensitive parameter which can be modified by external stimuli. Space experiments and ground-based 0 x g simulation studies established that the contraction period transiently decreases after a transition from 1 x g to 0 x g with a back-regulating process starting after 30 min. For determination of the threshold of acceleration sensitivity, a slow-rotating centrifuge microscope (NIZEMI--Niedergeschwindigkeits-Zentrifugenmikroskop) was used, providing in space accelerations from 0 x g to 1.5 x g. A stepwise acceleration increase revealed that the lowest acceleration level capable of inducing a response was 0.1 x g. The response to the acceleration increase was an increase in contraction period, in contrast to a stimulus deprivation, which led to a period decrease. The time schedule of the acceleration responses and back-regulating process seems to be fixed, suggesting that every acceleration being above the threshold can induce a complete response-regulation process. The low acceleration-sensitivity threshold favors rather large and dense cell organelles as candidates for the gravity receptor in Physarum.