PubMed · 11631446
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J Leonard. 1979. [Not Available].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11631446/
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The Mediterranean population of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV-ES) is characterized by a high genetic uniformity, distinguishing it from its Asian counterparts. ToLCNDV-ES is thought to have a monophyletic origin, likely resulting from a single recombination event, prior to its spread throughout the Mediterranean region. Following its first detection in southeastern France in 2020, ToLCNDV-ES re-emerged in France in 2022. Our analysis based on advanced long-read sequencing, circular DNA profiling, and phylogeny indicates both local persistence of French ToLCNDV-ES and multiple independent introduction events. Signatures of positive selection were identified in French ToLCNDV-ES populations, whereas no clear evidence of recombination was found. Bayesian time-structured phylogenetic analyses suggest that introductions in France occurred between 2018 and 2021 from the major ToLCNDV-ES clade, while several Italian ToLCNDV-ES isolates diverged prior to the virus introduction in the Mediterranean basin. Overall, this study demonstrates the value of an optimized long-read sequencing approach for resolving circular DNA virus diversity, and sheds light on the complex evolutionary history of ToLCNDV-ES in the Mediterranean Basin, particularly in southeastern France.
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BACKGROUND: The fight against drugs and the prevention of addiction is one of the principle aims of the information sheet DGS/DHOS n(o)2002-57 dated January 30, 2002. This text authorises any practitioner working in a health centre to initiate treatment with methadone. OBJECTIVES: This strategy was set-up in order to make methadone more accessible to drug addicts. It is within this context that the drug and sterile medical device commission of the Philippe Pinel hospital centre of Amiens (80) developed guidelines for the prescription and initiation of replacement therapy with methadone. GUIDELINES: They specify the conditions prior to the prescription as well as the regimen that must be applied during the initiation phase. The modalities of prescription, follow-up and precautions to be taken also figure in the document. Moreover, within the framework of an efficient town-hospital cooperation, the relay conditions to be applied on the release of the patient are detailed. CONCLUSION: Other than simple prescribing recommendations, these guidelines are aimed at improving the global management of drug addicts within the heart of an effective sanitary network.