PubMed · 11632995
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C de Tovar. 1973. [Not Available].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11632995/
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The Mediterranean population of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV-ES) is characterized by a high genetic uniformity, distinguishing it from its Asian counterparts. ToLCNDV-ES is thought to have a monophyletic origin, likely resulting from a single recombination event, prior to its spread throughout the Mediterranean region. Following its first detection in southeastern France in 2020, ToLCNDV-ES re-emerged in France in 2022. Our analysis based on advanced long-read sequencing, circular DNA profiling, and phylogeny indicates both local persistence of French ToLCNDV-ES and multiple independent introduction events. Signatures of positive selection were identified in French ToLCNDV-ES populations, whereas no clear evidence of recombination was found. Bayesian time-structured phylogenetic analyses suggest that introductions in France occurred between 2018 and 2021 from the major ToLCNDV-ES clade, while several Italian ToLCNDV-ES isolates diverged prior to the virus introduction in the Mediterranean basin. Overall, this study demonstrates the value of an optimized long-read sequencing approach for resolving circular DNA virus diversity, and sheds light on the complex evolutionary history of ToLCNDV-ES in the Mediterranean Basin, particularly in southeastern France.
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The study on stress and trauma leads us to distinguish between two categories of events: those that involve constraint as opposed to those that involve intrusion. This distinction is more than just a philosophical speculation since it allows us to infer clinical manifestations of wide ranging acute disturbances while in the field, as well as the manifestations of highly characteristic delayed disturbances that can sometimes arise month after exposure to trauma. The epidemiology of delayed manifestations related to psychological trauma indicates that these are common disturbances marked by their persistence and chronicity. These manifestations present a variety of public health problem: the need to anticipate and prepare acute rescue efforts to be introduce in case of disasters, the need for specific and extended individual follow-up, and also, from a medico-legal perspective, the question of compensation that may arise later on.