PubMed · 11767941
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F I Grunder. PAT Program Report: background and current status.. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660108984684
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Correlations between the chemical structures of agricultural fungicides and mRNA expression levels following exposure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to toxic doses of thiuram, zineb, maneb, TPN, and PCP were examined. Structurally, thiuram, zineb, and maneb are dithiocarbamate fungicides, whereas TPN and PCP are not. To characterize chemical toxicity, genes expression was classified according to the functional groups used by the MIPS database. However, no correlations between the classification scheme and chemical structures were found. Hierarchical clustering of gene expression profiles was performed to characterize the effects of the five chemicals. According to this analysis the similarity of gene expression profiles depended on the similarity of chemical structures. These results suggest that DNA microarray technology has potential for predicting the major chemicals which will cause environmental toxicity and will provide information on new biomonitoring methods.
Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) continues to play an important role in the identification and quantification of organic contaminants in environmental samples. GC-MS is one of the most attractive and powerful techniques for routine analysis of some ubiquitous organic pollutants due to its good sensitivity and high selectivity and versatility. This paper presents an overview of recent developments and applications of the GC-MS technique in relation to the analysis in environmental samples of known persistent pollutants and some emerging contaminants. The use of different mass analysers such as linear quadrupole, quadrupole ion-trap, double-focusing sectors and time-of-flight analysers is examined. The advantages and limitations of GC-MS methods for selected applications in the field of environmental analysis are discussed. Recent developments in field-portable GC-MS are also examined.
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