PubMed · 12017614
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M Vastamäki. 2000. [Rotator cuff problems].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12017614/
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Although the relation between cervical cancer and the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been established beyond doubt, the introduction of HPV detection in cervical cancer screening is halted, primarily by the high rate of false positivity in relation to morbidity, since the majority of women infected with HPV will not develop lesions. To counteract overconsumption of cervical cancer screening in elderly women, we wanted to test the hypothesis that women of 50 years or older who are HPV-negative and have a cytologically normal smear might be encouraged to refrain from further screening. As a first step, the prevalence of high-risk HPV in a population of 1,936 women of 50 years and older was investigated. After an initial decline, a slightly higher prevalence can be seen with increasing age. There is a decrease in the prevalence of multiple infections with age, paralleled by an increase in single infections, especially of HPV type 16 in the eldest-age group. However, neither the decrease in multiple infections nor the increase in single infections is statistically significant. The data obtained in this study show that, even in the presence of a slight increase in the HPV prevalence in elderly women, approximately 94% of the elderly women can be withdrawn from the cervical cancer screening. However, a follow-up study will be necessary to determine the frequency of (re)infection as well as the course of an HPV infection in elderly women.
We examined the effects of prenatal exposure (40 min/day, gestation days 12-18) of rats to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnetic field (MF) on their performance in the Morris water maze. At 2 months of age, female rats showed impaired performance. The animals spent longer time swimming and used inefficient strategies. However, no significant effects on maze performance were observed at 1 and 5 months of age. No evident maze performance deficit was detected in male rats prenatally exposed to the magnetic field. Thus, we conclude that prenatal exposure to MRI magnetic field induces cognitive/behavioral deficits in female rats at a specific age.
We studied the presence of Natural antibodies in plasma samples from individual birds from selected chicken lines at young and old age. Binding, specificity, and relative affinity to various antigens were determined in plasma from non-immunized female chickens at 5 weeks of age, and in plasma obtained from the same chickens one year later using indirect two-step ELISA. Birds were from three different lines. The lines were divergently selected for either high (H line) or low (L line) antibody titers to Sheep Red Blood Cells at 5 weeks of age, next to a random bred control (C line). Binding of plasma immunoglobulins (Ig) from all three lines was found with chicken-egg-white protein (CEP), ovalbumin (OVA), myoglobin (MYO), thyroglobulin (THYRO), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and transferrin (TRANS). Significantly higher binding to most antigens was found with plasma Ig from adult birds from the H line as compared to plasma Ig from the L line, whereas binding of plasma Ig from C-line birds was in between or similar to the H or L line, respectively. Binding of Ig to all antigens in all three lines was significantly higher in plasma obtained at one year of age as compared to plasma obtained at 5 weeks of age. A competitive ELISA with homologous and heterologous antigens was used for determining specificity of the antigen-binding antibodies. Nai;ve plasma samples were characterized by a broad binding to all antigens tested. Inhibition of binding to specific antigens was possible with a broad range of heterologous antigens, but highest competition of binding was obtained with homologous antigen. Both linear regression analysis of serial dilutions of the plasma Ig binding the antigens, as well as competitive ELISA with homologous antigen indicated that plasma Ig from the H line and plasma Ig from the L line had similar affinity characteristics to the antigens tested with the exception of OVA and KLH. Pooled non-immune plasma from H line birds bound to CEP, OVA, THYRO, TRANS, MYO, KLH, and salt-precipitated extracts and supernatants of extracts from chicken heart, spleen, liver, brain, bursa, thymus, and kidney, respectively, as determined by Western blotting. The increasing presence of antibodies in nai;ve chicken plasma binding heterologous and homologous (tissue) antigens indicates the presence of Natural antibodies in poultry. Apart from age, increasing levels of Natural antibodies may be related with the genetically based magnitude of specific antibody levels in the chicken lines studied.