PubMed · 12127648
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Charles M Poser, Vesna V Brinar. 2002. Multiple sclerosis 2001.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0303-8467(02)00032-x
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An immune cellular biosensing system has been constructed to assess immunomodulating effects of chemicals. Production of nitric oxide in the immune cellular biosensing system was used as readout of an immune cellular response for assessing the immunomodulating effects of chemicals. The macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7, which has signaling pathways of inducible nitric oxide synthase, was employed in the cellular biosensing system. The immune cellular biosensing system consisted of a Pt counter electrode, an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, and a gold electrode onto which a polyion complex layer was coated to allow adherence of the RAW264.7 cells. As the results of evaluating effects of a polyion complex layer on cell viabilities by using WST-8 assay, the polyion complex layer did not affect RAW264.7 cells. The polyion-coated gold electrode could measure NO without the drawback of electrochemical interference that occurs with differential pulse voltammetry. The detection limit of the immune cellular biosensing system was 4.2 nM released NO as measured by double potential step chronoamperometry. The potent immune activating abilities of lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma could be assessed by the cellular biosensing system; NO release from cells was detected within 600 ms.
The median (MnR), but not the dorsal (DR) raphe, sends a serotonergic projection to the suprachiasmatic (SCN) nucleus. Stimulation of either nucleus by electrode or serotonin agonist yields equivalent effects on circadian rhythmicity. This and other evidence suggests the existence of a functional serotonergic pathway from the DR to the MnR that may participate in circadian rhythm regulation. The present investigation was designed to identify such a connection. Tract tracer studies revealed cells in the DR that project to the MnR, as well as cells in the MnR that project to the DR. Double label immunofluorescence methods demonstrated that some of the cells projecting from either nucleus to the other contain serotonin immunoreactivity. The results support the existence of a reciprocal pathway between the DR and MnR that is at least partially serotonergic.
Imiquimod modulates the immune response, and is a new approach for treatment of papillomavirus-associated lesions, although it has not been approved for the treatment of intraepithelial neoplasia. We present a case of a patient treated with imiquimod on account of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in the vulva and other locations. The posterior biopsies confirm the absence of lesions but show drug-induced pemphigus as a side effect.