PubMed Health⌕ Search

PubMed · 12134329

[Subarachnoid hemorrhage].

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The vascular structures in the central nervous system has a particular distribution in respect of other organs. This anatomic configuration and other conditions predispose this arteries and veins to bleed frequently in the subarachnoid space, resulting in a syndrome known as subarachnoid hemorrhage. DEVELOPMENT: We make a study of the bibliography published in the topic, beside our professional criteria concerning those themes, with regard to the elements that we have been able to evaluate in our daily practice. We carried out a wide review about etiology, physiopathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of the commonest problems associated with that entity. Specially those aspects related with the clinical support and treatment of the cerebral vasoespasm, hydrocephalus and other complications of the subarachnoid hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: In this paper we expose the most important aspects related with the clinical manifestations of certain vascular malformations like saccular aneurysm and arteriovenous malformations, the principles of it diagnosis and management.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

A L Cardentey-Pereda, R A Pérez-Falero. [Subarachnoid hemorrhage].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12134329/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

Care of central nervous system injuries.

The primary method of improving outcome from traumatic brain injury is through avoiding secondary insults to the injured brain. Although surgery is important, most management is critical care. Evidence-based guidelines continue to be developed to assist in directing care. With modern monitoring systems, a physiologic-based approach is increasingly applicable, allowing focused treatment for intracranial hypertension and ischemia. It is important to balance and integrate the care of the injured brain into the overall care of the polytrauma patient.

Blood Volume↗

The "Lund Concept" for the treatment of severe head trauma--physiological principles and clinical application.

The Lund Concept is an approach to the treatment of severe brain trauma that is mainly based on hypotheses originating from basic physiological principles regarding brain volume and cerebral perfusion regulation. Its main attributes have found support in experimental and clinical studies. This review explains the principles of the Lund Concept and is intended to serve as the current guide for its clinical application. The therapy has two main goals: (1) to reduce or prevent an increase in ICP (ICP-targeted goal) and (2) to improve perfusion and oxygenation around contusions (perfusion-targeted goal). The Lund therapy considers the consequences of a disrupted blood-brain barrier for development of brain oedema and the specific consequences of a rigid dura/cranium for general cerebral haemodynamics. It calls attention to the importance of improving perfusion and oxygenation of the injured areas of the brain. This is achieved by normal blood oxygenation, by maintaining normovolaemia with normal haematocrit and plasma protein concentrations, and by antagonizing vasoconstriction through reduction of catecholamine concentration in plasma and sympathetic discharge (minimizing stress and by refraining from vasoconstrictors and active cooling). The therapeutic measures mean normalization of all essential haemodynamic parameters (blood pressure, plasma oncotic pressure, plasma and erythrocyte volumes, PaO(2), PaCO(2)) the use of enteral nutrition, and avoidance of overnutrition. To date, clinical outcome studies using the Lund Concept have shown favourable results.

Blood Volume↗

Three dimensional optical imaging of blood volume and oxygenation in the neonatal brain.

Optical methods provide a means of monitoring cerebral oxygenation in newborn infants at risk of brain injury. A 32-channel optical imaging system has been developed with the aim of reconstructing three-dimensional images of regional blood volume and oxygenation. Full image data sets were acquired from 14 out of 24 infants studied; successful images have been reconstructed in 8 of these infants. Regional variations in cerebral blood volume and tissue oxygen saturation are present in healthy preterm infants. In an infant with a large unilateral intraventricular haemorrhage, a corresponding region of low oxygen saturation was detected. These results suggest that optical tomography may provide an appropriate technique for investigating regional cerebral haemodynamics and oxygenation at the cotside.

Blood Volume↗