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A methodology for missile countermeasures optimization under uncertainty.

Abstract

The missile countermeasures optimization problem is a complex strategy optimization problem that combines aircraft maneuvers with additional countermeasures in an attempt to survive attack from a single surface-launched, anti-aircraft missile. Classic solutions require the evading aircraft to execute specific sequences of maneuvers at precise distances from the pursuing missile and do not effectively account for uncertainty about the type and/or current state of the missile. This paper defines a new methodology for solving the missile countermeasures optimization problem under conditions of uncertainty. The resulting genetic programming system evolves programs that combine maneuvers with such countermeasures as chaff, flares, and jamming to optimize aircraft survivability. This methodology may be generalized to solve strategy optimization problems for intelligent, autonomous agents operating under conditions of uncertainty.

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BibTeXRIS

Frank W Moore. 2002. A methodology for missile countermeasures optimization under uncertainty.. https://doi.org/10.1162/106365602320169820

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Individual and collective doses from cosmic radiation in Ireland.

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[Intraosseous puncture in preclinical emergency medicine. Ten years experience in air rescue service].

INTRODUCTION: The intraosseous puncture (IO) is a fast and safe alternative to the puncture of peripheral veins in emergency situations in children < or =6 years of age. The purpose of this paper is to summarize 10 years of experience on the prehospital use of the IO method by the Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) "Christoph 22", Ulm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2005. RESULTS: Out of a total of 9,549 missions, the proportion of children was 11.1%. In 27 children (4.2% of the children < or =6 years of age) an IO puncture was performed. Patients of the IO group were younger (1.0 vs. 3.7 years of age; p<0.001) and showed a higher degree of injury severity (NACA 6 vs. 4; p<0.001) compared to the total children group. In all children of the IO group (100%), the intraosseous puncture was the method of first choice to obtain access to the vascular system by the HEMS team. In 96.4% of these cases (26/27), the first IO puncture attempt was successful - in one child, a second puncture attempt was necessary. A standardized puncture technique was performed using the proximal tibia. The time required for successful placement of the IO infusion line was 60 s or less in all cases. In 37% of the cases (10/27) the IO infusion line was used for induction of general anaesthesia; dosage and onset of administered drugs were described as being equivalent to a peripheral infusion line. In all cases, the IO needle was replaced in-hospital within 2 h by a central or peripheral iv line. No complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The IO infusion technique is a simple, fast and safe alternative method for emergency access to the vascular system in children < or =6 years of age in the prehospital setting.

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