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Superficial bladder cancer.

Donald L Lamm
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Abstract

Superficial bladder cancer can be resected with minimal morbidity, but the patients are at high risk for tumor recurrence. Tumors can be divided into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk categories based on tumor grade, stage, and pattern of recurrence. Low-risk tumors are best treated with a single instillation of chemotherapy such as thiotepa, doxorubicin, or mitomycin. Intermediate-risk tumors can be treated with chemotherapy, but, similar to high-risk tumors, will often require immunotherapy. High-risk tumors are best treated with intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) using a 3-week maintenance schedule. Side effects of BCG immunotherapy can be reduced by logarithmic reductions in the dosage of BCG. Patients who fail BCG may be rescued with BCG plus interferon-alfa or radical cystectomy.

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Combined Modality TherapyHumansImmunotherapyRecurrenceTime FactorsUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsJournal ArticleReview

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Donald L Lamm. 2002. Superficial bladder cancer.. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-002-0005-4

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