PubMed · 12201077
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J Bousquet. 2002. Introduction. Modulite: simplifying the changeover.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0954-6111(02)80017-8
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Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is used to protect the epidermis during dermatologic laser surgery. To date, the relative influence of the fundamental spray parameters on surface cooling remains incompletely understood. This study explores the effects of mass flow rate and average droplet velocity on the surface heat flux during CSC. It is shown that the effect of mass flow rate on the surface heat flux is much more important compared to that of droplet velocity. However, for fully atomized sprays with small flow rates, droplet velocity can make a substantial difference in the surface heat flux.
BACKGROUND: Hyperhidrosis is a troublesome problem that can be embarrassing in both social and professional situations. Botulinum toxin injections have proven efficacious in the treatment of hyperhidrosis. However, when treating palmar hyperhidrosis, pain at the injection site limits this therapy. We describe a method of cryoanalgesia using dichlorotetrafluoroethane to lessen the pain of botulinum toxin injections during the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. OBJECTIVE: To show the successful use of dichlorotetrafluoroethane or Frigiderm in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. METHODS: This is a case report of a patient with a 20-year history of palmar hyperhidrosis who had previously tried several unsuccessful techniques to control pain during botulinum toxin injections to his palms. The left hand of the patient was pretreated with a spray of Frigiderm for 5 seconds before each of the botulinum injections. Two to 3 seconds of dichlorotetrafluoroethane at a distance of 2 to 4 inches were sprayed before each palmar injection. There was 1 to 2 seconds of frosting on the skin before the botulinum toxin was administered. After the botulinum toxin injection was administered, the patient was subjectively asked about pain during injection. RESULTS: The patient subjectively reported a 75% decrease in the intensity of pain with the Frigiderm application, which he said made the injections much more tolerable. No epidermal changes were noted at the time of treatment or at the telephone follow-up visit. The patient presented for follow-up 3 months later. He stated that the sweating had minimally returned but that he had not yet returned to baseline. CONCLUSION: The use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis is often limited because of the pain of multiple injections. In this case report, we describe the successful use of cryoanalgesia with dichlorotetrafluoroethane or Frigiderm to lessen the pain of botulinum toxin injections during the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis.