PubMed · 12269291
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D H Birkett. 2002. Robotics.. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-002-0019-9
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Ingested sharp foreign bodies usually lodge themselves in the pharynx unlike their more common smooth counterparts, which are found in the upper esophagus. These are very rare in infants and pose problems like delayed presentation and occasionally extraluminal migration. A very rare case of through and through penetration of neck by an ingested nail in an infant, which presented 8 months after its ingestion, is reported.
In general, surgical procedures are confined to curative or palliative measures converting the original anatomy into auxiliary configurations. Otorhinolaryngology, among other disciplines, is often privileged to offer normalization of both the bony superstructure and its epithelial surfaces. A general trend to such restitutional procedures has emerged during recent decades, though radical transformations are still popular. Utilizing endoscopic sinus surgery, middle-ear microsurgery and endo-microscopic laser surgery of the upper aerodigestive tract as paradigms, this literary analysis tries to propagate preservation of the natural form as an ideal. Endoscopic access, staged and multidirectional approaches and computer-aided navigation belong to the related surgical armature. Looking at the functional end results, the higher expense of training and costs appears to be rewarding.
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