PubMed · 12376671
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Donald Kennedy. 2002-10-11. Getting older.. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.298.5592.323
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BACKGROUND: Poor adherence to antihypertensive drug regimens is common and may increase the risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Adverse effects of the drugs can contribute to poor adherence, but some patients who discontinue several different antihypertensive drugs may misinterpret nonspecific symptoms as adverse effects of the drug because of psychiatric morbidity. We examined the relationship between intolerance to antihypertensive drugs and the presence of panic disorder, panic attacks, anxiety, and depression. METHODS: We included all patients with hypertension who attended a hospital hypertension clinic during 1 year with at least 2 episodes of intolerance (resulting in reduction of the dosage or stopping an antihypertensive drug) recorded on standardized problem lists and a similar number of patients with no recorded episodes of intolerance. Psychiatric morbidity, assessed by self-administered questionnaires, was analyzed against the number of episodes of nonspecific and drug-specific intolerance, verified by means of individual case-note scrutiny, and scored independently by 2 assessors masked to patient identity. RESULTS: Analyzable questionnaires were returned by 233 (84%) of 276 patients who had experienced 576 (85%) of 679 episodes of intolerance assessed. Five hundred thirty-two episodes (92%) were subjective (patient was symptomatic); of these, 284 were judged to be drug specific; 248, nonspecific. Having more episodes of nonspecific intolerance was associated with significantly higher diastolic blood pressure (P =.003). Episodes of nonspecific intolerance were associated with panic attacks (P =.008), anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score, P =.04), and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score, P =.005). Drug-specific intolerance was not associated with psychiatric morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Intolerance to multiple antihypertensive drugs, particularly non-drug-specific intolerance, is strongly associated with psychiatric morbidity. Physicians treating hypertensive patients need to recognize and manage the psychiatric aspects of intolerance to multiple antihypertensive drugs.
To examine health-related quality of life (HRQOL) before, during and after treatment interruptions (TI) in antiretroviral therapy, we analysed results from Medical Outcomes Study HIV health surveys on 50 HIV-1-infected patients. HRQOL scores decreased during a TI but increased after re-initiating treatment, although scores remained lower than those preceding the TI. The reasons for a TI differentially affected HRQOL. The findings suggest that TI should be based on medical decisions and not used to increase HRQOL.