PubMed · 12603944
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Stephen Porter, Crispian Scully. 2002. Aphthous ulcers: recurrent.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12603944/
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Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are evolutionary conserved enzymes which play a key role in signal transduction mediated by cytokines, growth factors, neurotransmitters and various types of environmental stresses. In the airways, these extracellular stimuli elicit complex inflammatory and structural changes leading to the typical features of asthma including T cell activation, eosinophil and mast cell infiltration, as well as bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway remodelling. Because MAPKs represent an important point of convergence for several different signalling pathways, they affect multiple aspects of normal airway function and also significantly contribute to asthma pathophysiology. Therefore, this review focuses on the crucial involvement of MAPKs in asthma pathogenesis, thus also discussing their emerging role as molecular targets for anti-asthma drugs.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different postoperative treatments on the wound healing reaction in the anterior stroma after PRK and in the interface area after LASIK. METHODS: Seventy-two corneal buttons of refractively treated rabbit eyes underwent different postoperative eyedrop regimens with antibiotics and/or steroids or additional UV-B irradiation. Morphological and immunohistological investigations were performed 6 months postoperatively by light and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: PRK eyes showed interdigitations between the epithelia and the anterior stroma. LASIK-treated eyes showed only minor changes between epithelia and stroma in the incisional region. Only a slight increase in deposits of fibrillar extracellular matrix components were detectable in the interface region. CONCLUSIONS: The clinically important problem of haze after PRK is caused by the interdigitations between epithelia and anterior stroma. The delicate wound healing reactions in the interface region in LASIK eyes corresponded to the clinically visible minor changes in these corneas.
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