PubMed · 12866598
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May-Sann Yee, Brian W Blakley. 2003. Narcolepsy presenting as dizziness.. https://doi.org/10.2310/7070.2003.37160
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Dizziness and imbalance are common presenting complaints to the neurologist. The lack of a systematic approach to the examination and laboratory evaluation of the vestibular system often leads to incorrect diagnoses and suboptimal care. With a basic understanding of vestibular physiology and proper examination techniques, a correct diagnosis can generally be made at the bedside. We review the principles of the neuro-otological examination, including assessment for static vestibular imbalance, dynamic vestibular function, provocative maneuvers, ocular motor examination, and vestibulospinal testing. The use of additional vestibular laboratory testing and neuroimaging is then considered to further localize and quantify abnormalities.
Although several investigations on mitral valve prolapse syndrome (MVPS) have been performed, clinical symptoms of this syndrome are not yet clarified. Atypical chest pain, palpitations, fatigue, dyspnea and anxiety are the most frequent symptoms associated with this syndrome. However, dizziness and syncope may be serious symptoms in MVPS. Dizziness and syncope are related to cardiac arrhythmias and are proposed to distinguish types, frequency of arrhythmias and relation to the symptoms. Orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia rarely occur in MVPS. The physiopathological mechanisms of these symptoms are not known clearly, but multifactorial causes are thought to be responsible including autonomic dysfunction, hyperadrenergic state, abnormalities in regulation of baroreceptors, parasympathetic derangements, decrease of intravascular volume, abnormal renin-aldosterone response to depletion of intravascular volume and abnormal release of atrial natriuretic factor.